The%20Prophets

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The Prophets

• Why the need for Prophets? Wasnt Gods Word
  enough?
• Persistent Rebellion
• Religious Compromise
• Moral Collapse, from top down
• Changing Social Order
• Changing International Scene

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The Prophets
Basic Premise of Prophecy There are 2 realms in
the universe 1. Divine 2. Human How
will communication take place between them?
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The Prophets

• Mans Way Reach to God
• Signs
• Divination / Magic
• Necromancy communing with dead

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The Prophets

• Gods Way God reaching to man.
• (See Numbers 126)
• Vision
• Dream (Joseph, Daniel)
• Voice

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The Prophets
What was a prophet? 1. Prophet (nabi) One
who speaks for God 2. Seer (roeh) One who
sees as God sees
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The Prophets
General Functions of a Prophet 1. Forth-telling
Spokesmen for God 2. Fore-telling
Forecasters of future events
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Role of Prophets vs. Priests

• Prophets
• 1. Called for specific task
• 2. Represents God to the people
• 3. Minister to the people in the cities and
  countryside
• 4. Concerned with internal righteousness of heart
• 5. Teachers as Reformers

• Priests
• 1. Appointed for life
• 2. Represents the people before God
• 3. Minister to the people in the Temple
• 4. Concerned with religious ritual of outward
  symbols
• 5. Teachers as informers

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The Prophets
Prophetic Beginnings 1. Abraham Genesis
207 2. Moses Deut 18 Exodus 2018-21 3.
Samuel 1 Sam 320
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The Prophets

• Classes of Prophets
• Oral (Speaking) Prophets
• Primarily 10th-9th century B.C. Primarily
  Prophets to the Kings
• Elijah 1 Kings 17-19
• Elisha 1 Kings 19

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The Prophets

• 2. Classical (Writing) Prophets Primarily 8th
  7th century B.C. Primarily Prophets to the
  people
• Major Isaiah, Jeremiah
• Minor Amos, Hosea, Micah

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Themes of Prophets

• Ethical Themes
• Repent / Return to God bWv (Joel 212ff)
• Personal Holiness justice, mercy, humility
  (Micah 66-8 Is 110-17)
• 2. Eschatological Themes
• Coming of the Day of the LORD (Is 2, Joel 2)
• Coming of the Messiah / Messianic Age (Is. 91-7,
  421-4, 5213-5312 Jer 3131-34)
• Judgment on unbelievers /Salvation on Gods People

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The United Monarchy The United Monarchy The United Monarchy The United Monarchy The United Monarchy
Dates (BC) Prophets of United Israel Prophets of United Israel Prophets of United Israel Prophets of United Israel
1020-1000 Samuel Samuel Samuel Samuel
975-960 Nathan Nathan Nathan Nathan
The Divided Kingdoms The Divided Kingdoms The Divided Kingdoms The Divided Kingdoms The Divided Kingdoms
Dates (BC) Israel (Northern) Judah (Southern) Dates (BC)
870-850 Elijah x x
850-800 Elisha x x
750-745 Amos Jonah 740-730
750-745 Hosea x x
x x Isaiah of Jerusalem 742-700
x x Micah 722-701
x x Zephaniah 628-622
x x Jeremiah 626-586
x x Nahum 612
x x Habakkuk 605
x x Ezekiel 593-573
x x Obadiah c. 586/5
x x Isaiah 40-55 540
x x Haggai 520-515
x x Zechariah 520-515
x x Isaiah 56-66 515-500
x x Joel 500-350?
x x Malachi 500-450
x x Jonah 450-400
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The Major Prophets

• Isaiah
• Jeremiah (and Book of Lamentations)
• Ezekiel
• Daniel

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Prophet Isaiah

• Name
• Isaiah means The LORD is salvation
• Dating of Events Isaiah 11
• Internationally, the setting was the rise of
  Assyria under Tiglath-Pileser, Sargon,
  Shalmanezer and destruction of Northern Israel in
  722 B.C.
• Nationally, Death of King Uzziah (740B.C.),
  Jotham, rise of King Ahaz (743-728 B.C.), and
  Hezekiah (728-697).

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Prophet Isaiah
Book Outline Isaiah 1-39 Book of
Judgment Isaiah 40-66 Book of Comfort Important
Passages Call of Isaiah 6 Sign of
Immanuel 7-9 Comfort 40 Servant Songs 40-53
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Prophet Jeremiah

• Name
• Jeremiah means The LORD appoints
• Dating of Events Jeremiah 11-3
• In the 13th Year of Josiah 640-609 B.C.
• Jehoahaz not mentioned 3 month reign
• In the Days of Jehoiakim 609-598 B.C.
• Jehoichin not mentioned 3 month reign
• Until the 11th year of Zedehiah 598-587 B.C.
• Jeremiah served from 627-587 B.C.

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Prophet Jeremiah

• Overview of Jeremiah
• Prophetic Utterances (Poetry) Jeremiah the
  Preacher

Chap 1-25
Chap 30-31
Chap 46-51
Chap 26-29
Chap 32-45
Chap 52
Autobiographical (Prose) Jeremiah the Person
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Prophet Jeremiah

• The Call Chap 14-10
• The Warnings of Israels Sin Chap 2
• The Temple Sermon Chap 7 Chap 26
• Five Laments 1118-126 Plot against Jeremiah
• 1510-21 Prosperity of Wicked
• 1714-18 Jeremiahs Loneliness
• 1818-23 Another Plot
• 207-18 Jeremiahs Call

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Prophet Jeremiah

• The False Prophets Chap 27-29
• The New Covenant Chap 30-31

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Prophet Ezekiel
Name Ezek Be Strong El God Either as a
prayer May the Lord Strengthen Or A
statement The Lord will strengthen
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Prophet Ezekiel

• Vocation
• Priest
• Dating and Place of Ministry
• It is interesting that the entire ministry of
  Ezekiel takes place outside of the boundary of
  Palestine in Babylon (597-571 B.C.) . . . But
  there are times when he speaks (or has a vision)
  as if he was in Jerusalem.

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Prophet Ezekiel
Visions of Gods Glory Chap 1-3 Vision of God as
He sits on the throne Chap 8-11 Vision of God
departing the Temple Chap 40-48 Vision of God
returning to New Temple
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Prophet Ezekiel
Outline of Ezekiel Chap 1-3 Call of Ezekiel Chap
4-24 Oracles of Judgment against
Judah/Jerusalem Chap 25-32 Oracles against
other Nations Chap 33-48 Prophecies of Hope to
exiles
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Prophet Daniel

• Name
• Daniel means God is judge
• Dating of Events
• Dan 11 606 B.C. Daniels deportation
• Dan 21 603 Daniels interpretation
• Dan 531 539 Daniels handwriting
• Dan 61 538 Daniel in Lions den
• See also 71, 81, 91, 101

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Daniel - Traditional
Prologue
Material Historical
Material Prophetic
1213
628
71
Chap 1
21
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Daniel - Traditional
Prologue
Activity Daniel Interprets Others Dreams
Activity Angel Interprets Daniels Dreams
Causation
1213
628
71
Chap 1
21
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Daniel
Big Picture Question Precisely, how does 2-6
relate to 7-12?
Prologue
History Theology of History
Visions Theology of Eschaton
God has acted graciously to the faithful and
punished the proud
We can wait faithfully, for God holds the future
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628
71
Chap 1
1213
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