Kin 110 HC Lecture 10 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

About This Presentation
Title:

Kin 110 HC Lecture 10

Description:

Kin 110 lecture 11 Ch. 12 Eating Disorders (417 - 431, 436 - 437) Ch. 13 Pregnancy and Breastfeeding (selected sections - see coverage in notes) – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:111
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 29
Provided by: Kine78
Category:

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: Kin 110 HC Lecture 10


1
Kin 110 lecture 11
Ch. 12 Eating Disorders (417 - 431, 436 -
437) Ch. 13 Pregnancy and Breastfeeding (selected
sections - see coverage in notes)
2
Eating Disorders
  • Eating serves psychological, social and cultural
    purposes
  • Media bombards us with ideal body types
  • may develop unhealthy relationship with eating,
    obsessive weight loss and strange rituals around
    food
  • Food often linked with personal and emotional
    experiences

3
Eating Disorders
  • Psychological disorders erode medical, social
    and psychological well being
  • Anorexia Nervosa
  • psychological loss or denial of appetite and self
    starvation, related in part to distorted body
    image and various social pressures associated
    with puberty
  • extreme weight loss, irrational fear of obesity
    and weight gain
  • Tables 12-1

4
Anorexia Nervosa
  • Profile - competitive, obsessive, parents set
    extremely high standards
  • hypergymnasia - excessive exercise
  • early warning signs - rituals with food
  • cook large meals for others, not self
  • Physical signs and symptoms fig 12-4
  • Treatment - intervention by family and friends
  • team of physicians, dieticians, psychologists
  • nutritional therapy
  • psychological therapy

5
Bulimia Nervosa
  • college age young adults
  • large quantities of food are eaten at one time
    (binge) and then purged from the body by
    vomiting, laxatives or other means
  • Table 12-1
  • difficult to recognize, outer appearance is
    normal, self reported
  • obsessive cycle of bulimia (fig 12-6)
  • health problems fig 12-4
  • Treatment - team of physicians
  • reduce binges, address misconceptions about food

6
Other Eating Disorders
  • Baryophobia - disorder of young children -
    stunted growth
  • parents underfeed to prevent obesity
  • Female Athlete Triad
  • high percentage of female athletes exhibit
    disordered eating patterns
  • coupled with irregular menstruation
  • ammenorhea
  • loss of bone mass - osteoporosis
  • treatment -
  • decrease preoccupation with food
  • increase meals
  • rebuild body
  • establish regular menstruation

7
Binge Disorder
  • Compulsive overeating
  • binge episodes without purging at least twice per
    week
  • Table 12-2
  • may not deal with emotional problems effectively
  • never learned appropriate ways to deal with
    feelings
  • Should learn to eat in response to hunger
  • avoid sliming diets initially
  • generally require professional help.

8
Preventing eating Disorders
  • Some concern about diet, health and weight is
    normal
  • some fluctuation in weight and appetite is normal
  • large changes consult physician
  • Discourage restrictive diets, meal skipping and
    fasting
  • provide information about the normal changes with
    puberty
  • correct misconceptions about
  • nutrition, body weight, weight loss

9
Preventing Disorders
  • Carefully phrase weight related
    comments/recommendations
  • encourage normal expression of disruptive
    emotions
  • encourage children to eat only when they are
    hungry
  • provide adolescents with some choices and
    self-accountability
  • Increase self acceptance
  • Enhance tolerance for diversity in body weight
    and shape
  • Emphasize that thinness is not necessarily
    associated with better athletic performance

10
Pregnancy Overview
  • Special considerations for time of life
  • illustrates larger importance of nutrition on
    body functioning
  • Important to plan pregnancy
  • modification of lifestyle
  • adequate nutrition
  • prevent fetal and infant problems
  • 300 kcal per day
  • milk, meats and alt.
  • Iron, calcium, and folate (400ug/day)
  • breastfeeding

11
Prenatal Growth
  • Ovum to fetus first 8 weeks
  • fetus to infant 32 weeks
  • nourished until birth by placenta
  • organ formed in mothers uterus
  • oxygen and nutrient exchange
  • fetal waste removal
  • release of hormones of pregnancy

12
Early Growth
  • Hyperplasia
  • increase in cell number
  • Hypertrophy
  • increase in cell size
  • 3 weeks
  • specialized organs and body parts begin to form
  • many women still do not know they are pregnant
  • 13 weeks
  • heart is functional, most organs formed, fetus
    can move

13
First Trimester
  • 9 months broken into three sections, trimesters
  • first trimester is critical time
  • spontaneous abortion, 1/3
  • miscarriage
  • genetic defects or fatal error in fetal
    development
  • very important to avoid harmful substances and
    maintain adequate nutrition
  • Fig 13-2
  • nutritional deficiencies transferred through
    placenta

14
Second Trimester
  • Fetus weighs one ounce at beginning of third
    trimester
  • limbs fully formed, has ears and begins to form
    tooth sockets
  • fetal heart beat can be detected with stethoscope
  • begins to look like infant, formed bones, can
    kick, suck its thumb
  • mothers breast weight inc. 30
  • under nutrition can impair ability to breast feed

15
Third Trimester
  • Weighs 2-3 lbs. At beginning
  • Fetus will deplete iron stores and blood glucose
    of mother
  • infants born after 26 weeks have a good chance of
    survival in nursery
  • difficulties suckling and swallowing
  • 9 months
  • 7-9 lbs. (3-4 kg) 50 cm long
  • soft spot where skull bones will fuse (12-18
    months)

16
Nutrient Needs
  • emphasis is on increased nutritional requirements
  • individual assessment of requirements and
    counselling
  • Energy Needs
  • 300 kcal / day
  • in 2nd and 3rd trimesters ( 2cups low fat milk
    and piece of bread)
  • nutrient dense foods, increased nutrient
    requirements vs kcal
  • vitamin and mineral needs increase 20-100 kcal
    15

17
Weight Gain
  • If active, add extra kcal for exercise to total
    intake
  • Walking, cycling, swimming recommended activities
  • specific precautions - slide 22
  • Weight gain one of best predictors of pregnancy
    outcome
  • 2 - 4 lbs. in first trimester
  • .75 - 1 LB per week, 2nd and 3rd
  • total gain 25-35 lbs. (BMI 20-26)
  • Depends on BMI - Table 13.1
  • fig 13-4
  • Requires regular monitoring
  • weekly record, allows for adjustments

18
Specific Nutrients
  • RDA for protein
  • Increase 10 - 15 g
  • many already over this
  • important to check,
  • role of protein?
  • Carbohydrates
  • 100 g / day to prevent ketosis(avg 200)
  • vitamins
  • most increase slightly - B vit 30
  • B6 45
  • Folate (RDA 600ug) 50
  • synthesis of DNA, rbc formation
  • folate rich fruits and veg, fortified cereals

19
Mineral Needs
  • Iodide - 220mg
  • IRON
  • 2 times the RDA in last two trimesters (30
    mg/day)
  • hemoglobin synthesis
  • fortified breakfast cereals
  • attention to nausea and absorption (caffeine,
    dairy can inhibit absorption)
  • With severe iron deficiency, LBW, and risk of
    fetal death

20
Mineral Needs
  • Calcium
  • adequate mineralization of fetal skeleton and
    teeth in 3rd tri
  • increase intake with conception
  • 1200 - 1500 mg (milk group)
  • Zinc
  • growth and development
  • Increase 35 above RDA
  • Protein rich foods in healthy diet should supply
    this

21
Vegetarian Mothers
  • Lacto ova or lacto should have no special
    concerns, with earlier recommendations in mind
  • Iron supplementation
  • Vegans
  • focus on protein, vitamins D, B-6, B-12, iron
    and calcium
  • increase grains, beans nuts and seeds
  • Avoid Ketosis - difficult for fetal brain to
    utilize
  • need iron and calcium supplementation as these
    are difficult to absorb from plant sources

22
Activity Recommendations
  • American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Do not allow HR to exceed 140
  • Avoid exercise in hot, humid weather
  • Discontinue exercise if discomfort or overheating
    results
  • Drink plenty of liquids
  • After month 4 do not exercise while lying on your
    back
  • Avoid abrupt decrease in exertion - must warm
    down
  • Engage in weight training only if done
    consistently prior to pregnancy
  • Do not push flexibility training very hard -
    gentle and relaxing

23
Nutrition of Milk
  • Asses adequate intake by monitoring wetness and
    stool production
  • supplements with formula may be needed and are OK
  • should not start before breastfeeding is well
    established
  • important differences from cows milk (wait 1
    year)
  • casien - protein difficult to digest
  • different minerals and carbohydrates

24
Nutrition of Milk
  • Colostrum
  • first product of breast
  • antibodies
  • compensate for immature immune system
  • promotes intestinal health of infant
  • Mature Milk
  • after a few days, very different from cows milk

25
Mature Milk
  • Main proteins form a soft light curd in GI
  • binds iron and reduces bacterial growth
  • high in essential fatty acids and fats needed for
    brain development
  • DHA, visual acuity and nervous system development
    (omega 3)

26
Mature Milk
  • Composition changes
  • increased fat content with feeding, should last
    20 min. to get good growth and infant
    satisfaction
  • can supplement up to 4 ounces of water / day

27
Food Plan and Breastfeeding
  • Only slightly different from pregnancy
  • no longer require iron, folate
  • increased need for energy, vit. A,E and C,
    riboflavin, copper, chromium, iodide, magnanese,
    selemium and zinc
  • increase milk group intake
  • Especially teens
  • should maintain balanced diet, moderate fat
    content, maintain fluid intake
  • avoid crash diets

28
Attributes of Breast Feeding
  • Table 13-3
  • Requires 800 kcal /day
  • recommend increase only 500 kcal per day
  • facilitates return to pre-pregnancy weight
  • breast feeding enhances reduction of uterus
  • may prevent breast cancer if maintained for
    several months
  • Facilitates bonding with infant
  • Establishes habit of eating in moderation for
    infant
  • Proper development of jaws and teeth
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com