Native Americans for 4th

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Native Americans for 4th

• Arctic Inuit
• Northwest Kwakiutl
• Plateau Nez Perce
• Southwest Hopi
• Plains Pawnee
• Southeastern - Seminole

IN - you - it
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Arctic - Inuit
(in'yu-it) IN - you - it also In - yoo - eet
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Arctic Inuit
Note true location of Alaska
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Arctic - Inuit
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The singular is Inuk (in-ook) and the language
is Inuktitut (in-ook-tee-toot).

• (in'yu-it)
• IN - you - it
• also In - yoo - eet

The word Inuit means the people in the
Inuktitut language.
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Arctic -- Inuit
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Inuit Geography and Origins
Inuit are a hunter-gather people who live
near the Arctic. Their homeland stretches from
the northeastern tip of Russia across Alaska
and northern Canada to parts of Greenland. Inuit
origins in Canada date back at least 4,000 years.
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Inuktitut is unique to the Inuit culture. There
are differences in the way it is spoken from one
region to the next. It is possible for
individuals to understand each other from the
east coast ofRussia toGreenland.
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The Inuktitut syllabary was adapted from the Cree
syllabary, which itself was adapted from the
Ojibwe syllabary. Both the Ojibwe and Cree
syllbaries were invented by James Evans, a
Wesleyan missionary, between about 1840 and 1860.
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Inuit family inside igloo
The igloo is a snow-house that was used by the
Inuit as a temporary shelter.
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the hut is tightly sealed and a lamp is lit
inside. The heated air begins to melt the face of
the snow blocks, which rapidly congeals again on
admission of cold air from the outside. Thus each
snow block is firmly cemented in place and
converted to ice on its inner face. Occupation
for a few days changes the interiors of the
blocks, so that the structure is no longer a snow
house but a house of ice.
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In the summer, when the snow melted, Inuit lived
in tent-like huts made of animal skins stretched
over a frame.
In the tundra, where Inuit communities are found,
there are not many building materials. No trees
grow in the tundra so houses cannot be made from
wood unless it is transported from elsewhere.
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Inuit Snow House - Some Inuit only used the
igloo when travelling but others relied on it
for housing through the entire winter.
topek (summer house), kayak and Inuit, 1901
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The Inuit invented some very sophisticated tools,
including the kayak, whose basic design has
remained essentially unchanged.
umiak
The kayak is a narrow hunting boat made of
sealskin stretched over a wood or bone frame. The
larger umiak was used for transporting goods and
people.
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Because Inuit live in places where most plants
cannot grow, the diet consisted of almost
entirely meat. Inuit fished and hunted to get
their food. Whales, walruses, seals, fish were
staples of their diet.
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Traditional Inuit dress for both men and women is
made of skins and furs and consists of watertight
boots, double-layer trousers, and the parka (a
tight-fitting double-layer pullover jacket with a
hood). In the past, sinew thread and bone needles
were used to sew the skins into warm and
watertight clothing.
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Dogs were and are an important part of the
Inuit culture. They provided the energy and
strength to move sleds across the snow and ice.
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hunting companions
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Seals have always been important to the Inuit.
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Seal meat was a staple winter food, providing
nourishment for the people and their dogs. The
skin was used to make clothing. Sealskin is good
for watertight boots.
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The fat was rendered into oil for the kudik, a
crescent-shaped stone lamp, providing both light
and heat.
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Inukshuk - An Inuit monument used for
communication and survival that is usually made
of un-worked stones serves as a marker.
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The Inukshuk, which means "likeness of person"
was first used by the Inuit People to mark
trails, indicate caches of food, locate nearby
settlements as well as good places to hunt or
fish.
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Increased sea ice kept large whales from entering
Arctic waters. Without whales, the people of
Arctic North America had to change their way of
life. They left their permanent coastal house for
snow-houses on the ice where they could hunt
seals at their breathing holes.During this
period of Inuit history, explorers, whales,
traders, and missionaries began to appear. Along
with a different way of life, they also brought
infectious diseases that shattered Inuit culture
before it could be recorded in detail. Much of
what we know about this period has been pieced
together from traditional oral histories.
Inuit History 300 Years Ago to Now
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