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Cause and Effect

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Cause and Effect A cause-and-effect essay may focus on causes of an event, effects of an event, or both. It is formatted much like an expository essay. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Cause and Effect


1
Cause and Effect
  • A cause-and-effect essay may focus on causes of
    an event, effects of an event, or both.
  • It is formatted much like an expository essay.

2
Thesis
  • Thesis- your thesis is not your topic, but what
    you want to say about it.
  •  
  • The thesis statement, which is usually a
    one-sentence summary, should indicate the focus.
  • The following thesis sentences show three
    different focuses on the same situation
  • Causes  Three major factors prompt teenagers to
    sign up for volunteer work in the community.
  • Effects  While the number of teenage volunteers
    may be small the impact of their service is
    large.
  • Causes and Effects  Teenagers have different
    reasons for doing volunteer work, but the effects
    of their work are generally significant.

3
Causes
  • Ask the question Why did this Happen? and list
    every likely cause that you uncover.  Later when
    you have completed your investigation, you can
    select the causes you think merit discussion. 
    The following questions might help you
    investigate causes.
  •  
  • What are the obvious causes?
  • Is there a main, or most important, cause?  What
    is it?
  • What is the most recent cause?
  • What causes occurred in the distant past?

4
Effects
  • When you investigate effects, ask yourself, What
    are the results?  And list every possible effect
    you can think of.  As with causes, wait until you
    have completed you investigation, then select the
    effects you think merit discussion. The following
    questions might help you investigate causes.
  • What are the most obvious effects?
  • Are there any hidden effects?  What are they?
  • What was (or will be) the first effect?
  • What might be the future effects?

5
Cause-and-Effect Chains
  • During your investigation of the situation, you
    also need to look for a possible cause-and-effect
    chain. In such a chain one event or situation
    causes an effect, then the effect becomes a cause
    for an additional effect, and so on.
  • For example, a fire produces dangerous gases that
    cause health problems.  The health problems cause
    people to move away, and their moving in turn
    cause a recession in the local economy. 
  • If such a chain exists, it may become an
    important part of you explanation.

6
False Cause and Effect (avoid this!)
  • You cant assume that a cause-and-effect
    relationship exists just because one thing
    precedes another there must be a valid
    connection between them.
  • Example
  • My computer broke the day after I bought those
    new disks.  The disks must have caused the
    problem.

7
Believable Support
  • Sufficient Evidence- Whatever it takes to prove
    your point. Your task is to be sensitive to your
    audience, with evidence that consists of facts,
    statistics, examples, or anecdotes.
  • Accurate Evidence- Take notes accurately, and be
    sure you get both the numbers and the words
    right.
  • Reliable Evidence- Reliable evidence comes from a
    trustworthy source.  Dont assume everything
    that is printed is reliable. Make sure that your
    source has a reputation for being reliable.

8
Outline for Cause-Effect
  • Introduction
  • Attention grabber
  • Background info
  • Controlling Idea
  • Thesis
  • Body Paragraph 1- Causes (or effects)
  • Major - one cause
  • minors (2) - specific details or quotes
  • Commentary - discuss significance and
    relationship to event
  • Major- second cause
  • minors (2)
  • Commentary
  • Body Paragraph 2- Effects (or causes) (same
    format as above)
  • Conclusion
  • Restate Thesis
  • Sum up best points
  • Satisfying concluding sentence

9
Cause-Effect graphic organizer
Effect 1 reason (and quotes)
Cause 1 reason (and quotes)
Event
Effect 2 reason (and quotes)
Cause 2 reason (and quotes)
Effect 3 reason (and quotes)
Cause 3 reason (and quotes)
Effect 4 reason (and quotes)
Cause 4 reason (and quotes)
10
Homework
  • Write an essay of causes and effects of Macbeth
    becoming king.
  • 4 paragraphs
  • Use specific examples from the play
  • Commentary should examine causes and effects
    significance
  • Due 11-30 (but you can turn it in sooner)
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