International Council On Systems Engineering (INCOSE) Presentation: Customer Needs and Objectives: Lessons Learned from Homeland Security

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International Council On Systems Engineering
(INCOSE) PresentationCustomer Needs and
Objectives Lessons Learned from Homeland Security

• Rob Simons
• Operations Analysis Systems and Flight
  Engineering
• The Boeing Company

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Operations Analysis View

• Operations Analysis is the analytical arm of the
  Systems Engineering discipline we provide the
  foundation for
• Identifying customer needs analytically and
  collaboratively
• Define and translate operational requirements
  into system requirements and decompose systems
  requirements into task and functional
  requirements
• Assessing engineering concept designs in Network
  Centric and System-of-System environments
• Performing Variable Analysis (Effectiveness,
  Trade Studies, etc.) and support Architecture
  Design
• Analyzing/evaluating concepts, systems, cost,
  and functionality, and aiding Roadmap Development
• Providing independent honest broker decision
  support and value

FYI The Federal FY2006 budget request for
state and local homeland security programs was
3.36B. The worldwide Homeland Security market
is estimated at 1.015 Trillion over the next ten
years1
1 Homeland Security Research Corp
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Homeland Security Homeland Defense Definition
DHS Birth Pangs Still a framework vs. a true
department of 22 agencies, 180K people,
etc. Brand new organization seen as encroaching
on turf of existing agencies Pressure on DHS to
do something Public perception and
expectation is that something is being
done Much current criticism says nothing is
being done DHS mandated to work closely with
local/state/regional jurisdictions not a lot of
experience doing this
Homeland Security Federal, State, and Local
efforts to prevent and combat terrorism within
the continental United States (CONUS). Central
authority resides in the Department of Homeland
Security (DHS) a civil agency with the
Department of Defense (DoD) as a supporting
agency. There are 56 State and Territory
Homeland Security representatives.
Homeland Defense Efforts from the Department of
Defense (DoD) to prevent and combat terrorism in
CONUS (primarily) and OCONUS. Includes direct
support to civil authorities, as well as
protection of military facilities in CONUS.
Actual military operations are executed globally.
The primary DoD agency for CONUS is NORTHCOM.
NORTHCOMs mission covers homeland defense AND
civil support Military Assistance to Civil
Authorities (MACA) mission includes consequence
management support operations to local/state
agencies at the direction of POTUS and/or OSD
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Department of Homeland Security Challenges
FYI On December 17, 2003, President Bush signed
Homeland Security Presidential Directive8
National Preparedness (HSPD-8). HSPD-8
establishes policies to strengthen the
preparedness of the United States to address
all-hazards threats HSPD-8 outlines Federal
assistance to State and Local governments and is
the foundation for two important offices SLGCP
(State and Local Government Coordination and
Preparedness) ODP (Office of Domestic
Preparedness)

• DHS Strategic Objectives (4)
• Prevent terrorism in the United States
• Intelligence and Warning
• Border and Transportation Security
• Domestic Counterterrorism
• Reduce vulnerability of the U.S. to terrorism
• Protect critical infrastructure and key assets
• Defend against catastrophic threats
• Minimize damage and assist in recovery from
  terrorist attacks that do occur in the U.S.
• Emergency preparedness and response
• Carry out other Non-Homeland Security functions

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Scope of the Problem
National Homeland Security Challenges Land
Borders Nearly 7,500 miles of land border with
Mexico and Canada 500 million people, 130
million motor vehicles and 2.5 million rail cars
cross each year Littoral 95,000 miles of
shoreline and navigable waters, 361 ports
thousands of foreign flag vessels, 9 million
containers of cargo, and nearly 200 million
cruise and ferry passengers every year Airports
Approximately 422 primary airports with 124
commercial airports that handle 30,000 flights
and 1.8 million passengers every
day Transportation Approximately 110,000 miles
of major highways and 220,000 miles of rail
track 600,000 bridges 95 of U.S. oversea
trade moves by ship 11T US GDP Physical
Infrastructure 85 of U.S. Critical
Infrastructure is owned by the Private Sector

• State Critical Infrastructure Risks
• Citizenry
• Nuclear Power Plants
• Government Facilities
• Religious Symbolic Cathedrals, St. Louis Arch,
  the Hill, etc.
• Hospitals, Academic Institutions, Sports
  Complexes
• Gathering Places (seasonal threats)
• Transportation Systems Riverine traffic,
  Interstate Freeways, Rail Transfer Facilities,
  Airports
• Gas Pipelines Refineries
• Farming/Food products (corn, soybean,
  distribution centers, etc.)
• Water Supply System / Electrical Grid
• Federal Reserve Banks (8th in St. Louis 10th in
  Kansas City)
• Boeing IDS St. Louis Site (only F-15 and F/A-18
  production lines)
• Military Bases (Scott AFB, Whiteman AFB, Ft.
  Leonard Wood, etc.)

FYI National Incident Management System (NIMS) -
Provides a framework for standardization and
interoperability for homeland security
organizations and responders at the federal,
state, and local level
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HLS Means A Non-Traditional Customer Community
with Non-Traditional Issues

• FYI
• Most local and State assistance programs are
  administered by SLGCP/ODP
• State Homeland Security Grant Program (SHSGP)
• Targeted Infrastructure Protection Program (TIPP)
• Firefighter Assistance Program (FIRE)
• Emergency Management Performance Grants (EMPF)
• Citizens Corps Programs (CCP)
• Urban Area Security Initiative (UASI)1
• 1For FY2006, approximately 1.02B has been
  requested for UASI areas for homeland security
  equipment, training, exercises, and planning

• Very different environment, threat, and user
  community with various jurisdictions, interests,
  and objectives
• Federal level Homeland Security includes DHS,
  ODP, DoJ, and others
• Local/State government (ex., St. Louis County has
  91 separate jurisdictions)
• Law Enforcement Example Various local PDs,
  County Sheriffs, Highway Patrol, State Police,
  interagency task forces
• Most local agencies do not have consistent
  interaction at the Federal level
• Many have difficulty describing their roles in
  larger contexts and surprisingly little is
  actually documented far more tribal knowledge

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Mistaken Assumptions

• The application of our common processes is
  generally intuitive and effective within any
  organization
• Non-traditional organizations dont see things as
  we do and are unfamiliar with our processes and
  strategies
• We do better with traditional organizations
  because our experience is primarily with
  organizations at the Federal level (e.g., DoD)
  Why? Because we tend to come from those
  environments ourselves and were generally
  working with peers
• Our traditional partner organizations tend to
  have robust technical staff, resources, and
  activities that lend themselves to SE processes
  these organizations share a language and
  experience-base with us that facilitates
  understanding capabilities, processes and
  technologies, etc.

This is a common matrix of classifications
virtually the entire rank and file of homeland
security organizations fall on the bottom two
lines
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LE Discovery Efforts and Relationship Building

• Objective Learn about law enforcement and crime
  analysis in a day-to-day operational environment
• Observations
• Significant training / expertise is needed to
  fully appreciate, understand, and execute daily
  tasks they are substantially understaffed, but
  the folks they have are EFFECTIVE
• Intel Unit performs LOTS of data entry and
  tracking functions
• Little predictive analysis is performed here
  this is due to manning constraints and mission
  demands (considerable adhoc support requests) and
  is not by design
• Ad-hoc requests from (primarily) local, county,
  and regional organizations
• Support to Task Forces such as HIDTA, Financial
  Crimes, Methamphetamine Interdiction efforts,
  Major Case Squad, Undercover Operations, and
  others is very important
• Proactive policing does occur through
  COMPSTAT-like activities
• Opportunity to see JRIES
• Process improvements would substantially improve
  daily ops
• A key personal attribute shared by all analysts
  is critical thinking, curiosity, and a
  willingness to see a task through to completion
• A great appreciation for just how much is
  accomplished
• Note Law enforcement seem focused on how they
  do things and not necessarily why do you do
  this or why not do something else

• FYI
• MO reported 2,788 unique meth-based incidents in
  2004 (labs busted, etc.)
• There are over 2700 separate sources for MO
  drinking water
• MO has over 62,000 miles of Natural Gas pipelines

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My View of Potential Local/Regional Threats and
Key Weaknesses

• Threats
• Drug Production/Trafficking Methamphetamine,
  drug transshipments, etc.
• All Hazard Response
• LE / Medical / Fire
• Catastrophic Events e.g., New
• Madrid Fault Line
• Illegal Immigration
• Domestic Terrorism (extremists and subversive
  groups)
• Organized Crime
• Agroterrorism Intentional contamination of food
  supply, etc.
• Weaknesses
• Resource constraints
• , Staffing, technology gap, and expectations to
  meet expanding mandates with little likelihood of
  additional resources to meet the need
• Inability to share and collaborate as needed (and
  desired)
• Will have difficulty complying with National
  Preparedness Goal (HSPD-8)

USA Today Report on Domestic Terrorism New
trouble at Home not a lot of attention is
being paid to this, because everybody is
concerned about the guy in a turban. But there
are still plenty of angry, Midwestern white guys
out there
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Articulated Law Enforcement Desires

• 1) Improved processes of information and
  organizational access, joint collaboration,
  shared analysis, and timely dissemination
• 2) Simplified data creation that is easily
  consumed and captures/describes SALUTE-type data
• 3) Analysis-supported detection of thresholds of
  activity in specific geographic areas that
  support strategic planning to all units of the
  department
• 4) Employment of variable GIS solutions that
  describe hot spots by geographic boundaries and
  provide better situational awareness to optimize
  resources
• 5) While not always equal across the board, be
  interoperable across the board
• 6) Identify and help demonstrate the value of
  new features (they dont know what they dont
  knowand they need our help)

FYI The Homeland Security Operations Center
(HSOC) is the DHS 24/7 operation incident
management facility HSOC hosts 35 distinct local
through federal agencies divided between
Intelligence and Law Enforcement Even with
the close proximity, each requires different
levels of clearance to access information
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A Simplified, Workable Homeland Security
Discovery Process
Initiate Operations Analysis Process Link
objectives, lessons learned and threats to
ongoing law enforcement initiatives, embed
homeland security efforts as appropriate, and
prioritize against organizational needs
Lesson Learned Common terminology and other
dumb disconnects (ex., defining Intelligence)
Lesson Learned Not much joint confidence between
customers and ourselves
Lesson Learned Near Term is Good Far Term is
Bad Articulate the Roadmap
Lesson Learned Were not a very Collaborative
team (ex., locals waiting for reqmts)
Jointly define the How to Get There from
Here Roadmap
Discovery Activities (Language, Operations,
Rqmts, etc.)
Iterative Analysis and Customer
Collaboration (Manage Expectations)
Build A Relationship Of Joint Purpose And
Understanding
Generalized Law Enforcement Objectives
Desired Outcome A collaborative relationship
that recognizes joint needs, establishes a joint
strategy to meet the needs, and sets the stage
for common understanding and expectations for the
outcome
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Summary Lessons Learned

• The importance of relationship creation and trust
  is critical
• Discovery efforts build tremendous knowledge and
  understanding
• Walk a Mile In Their Shoes
• State and Local organizational constraints
  policy, staffing, technology, and other issues
  unfunded mandates and requirements flowed down
  from federal levels arent helping
• Non-traditional customers have non-traditional
  perspectives and views
• Not used to working with local and state level
  agencies and organizations ex., law enforcement
• Ex., Intelligence in the C4I sense and
  Intelligence in the LE sense are NOT the same
• Virtually none of these folks have security
  clearances the few who do are no higher than
  SECRET
• Inability to collaborate among traditional and
  non-traditional organizations is largely
  policy-based and really not a technology issue

• Homeland security solutions MUST
• Be Collaborative this creates strong
  partnerships and shared purpose across public and
  private domains, dissimilar and non-traditional
  organizations
• Solve problems related to enduring needs
  interoperability is key
• - Provide the right information to the right
  people at the right time to be really meaningful

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Links of Interest

• Federal Level
• Department of Homeland Security
• http//www.dhs.gov/dhspublic/index.jsp
• Office of Domestic Preparedness
• http//www.ojp.usdoj.gov/odp/
• State Level Missouri
• Office of Homeland Security
• http//www.homelandsecurity.state.mo.us/
• State Emergency Management Agency (SEMA)
• http//www.sema.state.mo.us/terrorism.htm
• State Level Illinois
• State Homeland Security
• http//www.illinoishomelandsecurity.org/
• Illinois Emergency Management Agency (IEMA)
• http//www.state.il.us/iema/

Contact Info Rob Simons Ops Analysis, Systems
and Flight Engineering robert.l.simons_at_boeing.com
314-234-3107