The%20Federalists%20in%20Power%20and%20the%20Emergence%20of%20a%20Two-Party%20System

1
The Federalists in Power and the Emergence of a
Two-Party System
2
Who did the American people elect as the first
president of the United States?

• George Washington

3
Who was Washingtons first Secretary of State?

• Thomas Jefferson

4
Who was Washingtons first Secretary of the
Treasury?

• Alexander Hamilton

5
What political party did Thomas Jefferson
organize?

• Democratic-Republican Party

6
What is a political party?

• A group of people with similar beliefs about how
  the government should be run

7
What was another name for Jeffersons
Democratic-Republican Party?

• Republicans

8
What political party did Alexander Hamilton
organize?

• The Federalist Party

9
What is the cabinet?

• Heads of the executive departments
• Official advisers to the president

10
What does the Secretary of State do?

• Oversees the nations relations with foreign
  countries
• Handles foreign affairs

11
What does the Secretary of the Treasury do?

• Advises the president on economic issues, like
  taxes and government finance

12
What is strict construction of the Constitution?

• An interpretation of the Constitution believing
  that the powers of the federal government are
  precisely and narrowly defined

13
What is loose construction of the Constitution?

• An interpretation of the Constitution believing
  that the federal government has broad powers

14
Did Jefferson believe in strict or loose
construction of the Constitution?

• Strict construction

15
Did Hamilton believe in strict or loose
construction of the Constitution?

• Loose construction

16
What clause of the Constitution allows Congress
to make all laws which shall be necessary and
proper to carry out those powers that are listed
in the Constitution?

• The Elastic Clause

17
According to Alexander Hamilton, what specified
powers would the Bank of the United States help
Congress carry out?
18

• Collecting taxes
• Borrowing money
• Paying the public debt
• Regulating commerce (trade)

19
Who led the Democratic-Republican Party?

• Thomas Jefferson
• James Madison

20
What were five beliefs of the Democratic-Republica
n Party?
21

• Strict construction of the Constitution
• A weak national government (relative to the power
  of the states)
• Strong state governments
• An economy based on agriculture (farming)
• A pro-French foreign policy

22
Who supported the Democratic-Republican Party?

• Farmers
• Artisans (skilled craftsmen)
• Frontier settlers

23
In what region of the United States was the
Democratic-Republican Party strongest?

• South

24
Who led the Federalist Party?

• Alexander Hamilton
• John Adams

25
What were five beliefs of the Federalist Party?
26

• Loose construction of the Constitution
• A strong national government
• A national bank
• A commercial economy (based on manufacturing and
  trade)
• A pro-British foreign policy

27
What groups supported the Federalist Party?

• Bankers
• Businessmen

28
In what region of the nation was the Federalist
Party strongest?

• The Northeast

29
What treaty aimed at settling commercial and
boundary disputes between the United States and
Great Britain?
30

• The Jay Treaty
• Also called Jays Treaty

31
Which political party supported the Jay Treaty?

• The Federalists

32
What was the most important provision (part) of
the Jay Treaty?
33

• Great Britain agreed to evacuate or leave its
  forts in the Ohio Valley and retreat to the
  boundary line set by the treaty that ended the
  Revolutionary War

34
Who followed George Washington as president?

• John Adams

35
What was President Adams policy towards France?

• An undeclared naval war against France

36
What were three results of Adams policy towards
France?
37

• Maintained peace with France
• Preserved the honor of the United States
• Made Adams less popular among members of his own
  Federalist Party, who wanted the United States to
  declare war against France

38
Who was the most important Chief Justice of the
Supreme Court during the early years of the
United States?

• John Marshall

39
What was John Marshalls political party and what
was his home state?

• Federalist
• Virginia

40
How did the Supreme Court decisions under John
Marshall strengthen the federal courts?

• Made the federal courts an independent and equal
  branch of the United States government

41
What is judicial review?

• The power of the courts to declare a law
  unconstitutional

42
What is a precedent?

• An example for future action

43
What were three important decisions by the
Supreme Court under Chief Justice John Marshall?
44

• Marbury v. Madison
• McCulloch v. Maryland
• Gibbons v. Ogden

45
How did the Supreme Court rule in the case of
Marbury v. Madison?

• Declared a federal law unconstitutional

46
What precedent did Marbury v. Madison set?

• Judicial Review

47
Why is judicial review so important to the
Supreme Court?

• Gives the Supreme Court its main check on the
  power of Congress

48
What doctrine did the Supreme Court set forth in
its McCulloch v. Maryland decision?

• Doctrine of implied powers

49
What two legal questions were involved in the
McCulloch case?
50

• 1) Did Congress have the authority to establish
  the Bank of the United States?
• 2) Did the Maryland law taxing the BUS
  unconstitutionally interfere with congressional
  powers?

51
What two points did the Supreme Court make in
McCulloch v. Maryland?
52

• 1) Congress had the power to create the BUS.
• 2) Maryland could not tax agencies of the
  national government, which carried out
  constitutional powers.

53
What did Chief Justice Marshall say about implied
powers in the McCulloch Decision?
54

• Congress possessed implied powers that the
  Constitution did not specifically mention.

55
What laws did Chief Justice Marshall declare to
be supreme in the McCulloch Decision?
56

• The Constitution and federal laws
• Federal laws override state constitutions and
  state laws.

57
How did the Marshall Court rule on the Maryland
state law that taxed the Baltimore branch of the
Bank of the United States?
58

• The Maryland state law that taxed the BUS was
  unconstitutional.

59
Who wrote, The Power to tax is the power to
destroy?
60

• Chief Justice John Marshall

61
What did the case of Gibbons v. Ogden involve?
62

• the state of New Yorks regulations for
  steamboats, which did business between New York
  and another state New Jersey

63
How did the Supreme Court rule in the case of
Gibbons v. Ogden?
64

• that the federal government had complete control
  over interstate commerce

65
What is interstate commerce?

• trade between states

66
What doctrine did the Marshall Court use to
settle disagreements between different branches
of the national government?
67

• the doctrine of judicial review in Marbury v.
  Madison

68
What doctrine did the Marshall Court use to
settle disagreements between the federal
government and the states?
69

• the doctrine of implied powers in McCulloch v.
  Maryland

70
In what case did the Marshall Court provide the
foundation block for the Supreme Court to settle
disagreements between competing business
interests?
71

• Gibbons v. Ogden

72
What Supreme Court decision set forth a broadly
national view of economic affairs?
73

• Gibbons v. Ogden