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Atomic Structure

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Title: Atomic Structure


1
Atomic Structure
2
History
  • 400 B.C. Democritus proposed all matter was
    made up of small particles called atoms
  • Atomic numbers were assigned to elements by Henry
    Moseley
  • 1913- Niels Bohr described the planetary model of
    the atom

3
Planetary model
4
The Shell Model
  • The more accurate model puts a cloud around the
    nucleus and electrons move about in shells
  • Each shell can hold so many electrons
  • Little energy in the most inner shell so only 2
    electrons can be found there.
  • The farther you get from the nucleus, the more
    electrons a shell can hold

5
The atoms makeup
  • This shell model of a hydrogen atom or lead atom
    is made up of the same general parts.
  • A nucleus made up of protons (1 in Hydrogen and
    82 in Lead) and neutrons (usually the same amount
    as the protons)
  • Floating around the nucleus are electrons

6
Mass of Subatomic Particles
  • Particle Charge Mass compared Actual Mass
  • to electron
  • Electron Negative 1 9.11x10-31
  • Proton Positive 1836 1.673x10-27
  • Neutron Neutral 1841 1.675x10-27

7
Charges
  • The three subatomic particles as they are called
    have different charges
  • Protons- ()
  • Neutrons- no charge
  • Electrons- (-)

8

9
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10
Atomic Mass
  • The mass of an atom is equal to the number of
    protons and neutrons found in the nucleus
  • If an atom of carbon has 6 protons and 6
    neutrons, its mass is 12

11
Atomic Number
  • The atomic number found above the chemical symbol
    is equal to the number of protons the atom has
  • An atom with 19 protons has to be potassium (K)

12
Chemical Names
  • Why is Co different from CO?
  • Co is Cobalt
  • CO is carbon monoxide
  • Be sure to use upper and lower case properly

13
Isotopes
  • Atoms of the same element that have different
    numbers of neutrons are called isotopes
  • Hydrogen can have 0, 1, or 2 neutrons in its
    nucleus

14
Misc. Facts
  • Hydrogen is the most abundant element. It makes
    up almost 90 of all atoms. As well it was the
    1st element to exist
  • Fused hydrogen atoms formed inside stars and this
    created the other elements
  • Most atoms formed when the universe began and are
    constantly being recycled
  • Atoms that make up you are billions of years old

15
 
16
Chapter Review (class work)
  • Try to complete 5, 6, and 7.

17
Protons have a positive charge
  1. True
  2. False

18
C-12 is a radioactive isotope used in carbon
dating fossils
  1. True
  2. False

19
The charge of a neutron is
  1. negative
  2. No charge

20
The number of electrons that can fit in the 1st
shell is
  1. 8
  2. 2
  3. 18

21
The electron has more mass than the proton and
neutron
  1. Yes
  2. No

22
The atomic number of carbon is
  1. 12.01115
  2. 12
  3. 6
  4. C

23
The element symbol of helium is
  1. H
  2. 2
  3. He
  4. Helium

24
The mass number of C-14 is 14
  1. True
  2. False

25
Play-doh Lab
  • Partner up
  • Create a 3 dimensional model of an atom using
    play-doh and beads. It must be the shell model
  • Your atom must have an atomic number between 6
    and 12.
  • On a separate sheet draw your atom and label the
    following Protons, neutrons, electrons, nucleus,
    electron cloud, any and all shells
  • Write down the name, atomic number, atomic mass,
    and symbol
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