The%20Renaissance

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The Renaissance

• Mrs. Isaacson
• 9th Grade World History

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What is the Renaissance

• French word meaning, Rebirth.
• The Renaissance represents the Intellectual and
  Economic changes of the time following the Middle
  Ages.
• Took place between the 1300s and 1500s.

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How did we wake up?

• During the middle ages, because of Feudalism, no
  middle class existed.
• People lived on manors in the country for
  protection from barbarians, far away from towns.
• Feudalism kept society divided between the rich
  and the poor.

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Hooray! The Barbarians are gone!

• After the barbarians had chilled out, people came
  out again, heading back towards towns and cities.
  (Picture in your head the scene from the Wizard
  of Oz when the Munchkins come out after the
  Wicked Witch was smashed by the house).

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Ding Dong the Witch is Dead!

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Curses upon you all

• Unfortunately, after people began moving towards
  town, a plague hit that killed 1/3 of the people
  in the WORLD at that time. It was called the
  black plague.
• The plague led to an economic depression.

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What Happens in a Depression?

• Lets pretend, that you are living in Europe at
  the time of the plague and you are a Twinkie
  maker (YUM!) You are a pretty awesome twinkie
  maker, but 1/3 of your customers die. Now you
  have a lot of twinkies, and no customers. So to
  make up for the money you are losing, you raise
  the prices of your twinkies, but now, nobody can
  afford to buy the twinkies. This is a Depression,
  meaning people are too broke to buy the expensive
  twinkies, making them depressed.

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Sohow do we get out of a depression?

• Finally! People stop dying of the plague and the
  population begins to grow, which creates a new
  demand for your twinkies. Now you have such a
  high demand for twinkies that you need to hire
  new people to learn how to make twinkies just
  like you! These are called your apprentice
  twinkie makers, making you the twinkie master!

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All Hail the Twinkies!
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How does this apply to the Middle Ages?

• Just like you twinkie makers, other business grew
  during the middle ages and were able to expand
  too, such as
• Bankers
• Lawyers
• Doctors
• Metal workers, Craftsmen, Blacksmiths,

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Going GLOBAL!

• Suddenly, your twinkie business becomes so large
  that you are able to expand to other countries.
• Advances in traveling such as
• Portuguese maps
• The magnetic compass
• Better ships
• Allow you to sail around the world to find new
  places to sell your twinkies.

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Becoming Masters of the Universe

• During the middle ages, education was limited to
  members of the church and high levels of society.
• Now, people like you twinkie makers need to
  become more educated to be really good at your
  job.
• What are some areas that as an INTERNATIONAL
  TWINKIE MAKER you would want to be educated in?

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The Correct Answer is..

• As an INTERNATIONAL TWINKIE MAKER, you would want
  to know things like
• What kind of money do they use in other countries
  (international currency)?
• How do I add, subtract, multiply, keep track of
  all my money?
• What is the best thing to do with my money?

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The Education Explosion!

• As people began becoming experts in certain areas
  (like twinkie making), they gained a HUNGER for
  knowledge.
• In 1445, a man named Johann Gutenberg, invented
  the PRINTING PRESS! This wonderful invention was
  the answer to all the prayers of the people of
  Europe.

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The Printing Press

• Johan Gutenbergs invention allowed books to be
  mass produced page by page, rather than being
  handwritten on parchment by one person.
• Also, for the first time, books were printed in
  languages other than LATIN, so now people in
  England, France, Spain, and Italy could read the
  same thing, even learn how to make twinkies!

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Why the Church Hated Gutenberg

• During the middle ages, books and writing were
  based on the Bible and the teachings of the
  church.
• NOW, during the Renaissance, people began making
  the ideas of Rome and Greece popular again,
  encouraging people to read the classics and open
  their eyes to how smart Rome and Greece were
  before the Middle Ages.

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Hooray for Humanism!

• Once the people of Europe woke up to the ideas of
  the ancient Greeks and Romans, they started to
  look at life a little bit differently.
• This change in thinking resulted in a new idea
  called HUMANISM. Humanism was all about the role
  that Human beings played in the world around them
  (Gods world, to them).

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Middle Ages vs. New Age

• During the Middle Ages the church believed that
• Having money or wealth was a BAD thing.
• People should not be very educated. It was better
  to be dumb in Gods eyes.
• Doing good things was based on what the Bible
  said.
• The Human Body was a TERRIBLE Thing.

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AAAAHHH!! THE SCANDAL!

• BUT! Now we have this new idea called Humanism
  which changed everything
• The Human Body was created by God, therefore
  people should use it to do good things.
• Having money allowed people to do good things for
  God.
• Creativity was a gift from God that should be
  expressed.

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Renaissance Basics

• The Renaissance is all about going back in time
  and bringing back the Styles and Ideas of Greece
  and Rome.
• Almost all areas of the Renaissance show a
  connection to Greece and Rome.
• Literature, art, architecture, music,
  mathematics, all of these were influenced by, did
  I mention, GREECE AND ROME!

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Forget Florence.and Fail.

• Since the Renaissance was all about the Ideas of
  Greece and Rome, its probably no surprise that
  it began in FLORENCE, ITALY.
• Florence was the home to many famous Renaissance
  artists like Michelangelo.

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Renaissance Literature

• Writers in the Renaissance were all about the
  classics of GREECE AND ROME, such as the Odyssey,
  the Iliad, and the Aenid (which was written by
  Virgil in GREECE).
• Writers like PETRARCH, who was one of the first
  Italian Poets, used the writings of Virgil as his
  inspiration.

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Renaissance Architecture.

• During the Middle Ages, Architecture was based on
  the GOTHIC or ROMANESQUE Style.
• The main shape used in Gothic architecture was
  the Cross and it was defined (meaning you would
  recognize it) by its very sharp angles and steep
  points, that were pointing up to Heaven.

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Renaissance Architecture

• During the Renaissance, the Gothic and dark look
  went out of style and wealthy people began
  wanting to see more of the classic styles of
  Ancient Greece and Rome.
• Instead of the Cross, Renaissance architecture
  used the circle as the primary shape, bringing
  back the use of domes.

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Medieval Cathedral in Paris
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Interior of a Gothic CathedralWhat defining
characteristics do you see here?
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The Day of the Dome

• Renaissance architecture began, where else, in
  Florence with the construction of the
• SANTA MARIA del Fiore, which is known as the
  cathedral of Florence.
• This cathedral is so Famous, Michelangelo
  sculpted his famous, David, for the cathedral.

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The Santa Maria del Fiore (the cathedral of
Florence). Note the use of the Domes.
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The Medici Chapel by Michelangelo
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Y.T.T.W

• Define humanism and give two examples of changes
  in beliefs from the Middle Ages to the
  Renaissance.
• Determine the differences in architecture from
  the Middle Ages to the Renaissance.
• 4-6 Sentences

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Warning The material you are about to learn has
absolutely NOTHING to do with these four.people.
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Renaissance Art

• The most famous aspect of the Renaissance is by
  far the artwork.
• During the Middle ages, the art work was very
  simple, consisting of Biblical characters on a
  blank background, kind of like having your
  picture taken at school.

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This is an example of art from the Middle Ages
What observations can you make?
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Creating a new Perspective

• Renaissance artists studied geometry to help make
  their art look more realistic.
• They used perspective in their art to make
  objects look closer and far away.
• They used a vanishing point to show distance and
  depth.
• They also used shadow and light like never before.

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Revamping the Renaissance

• While Medieval Art was very plain, Renaissance
  artists wanted everything to be as LIFELIKE AS
  POSSIBLE.
• Artists would study dead bodies and nude bodies
  to capture the body of a human perfectly.
• One of the best Renaissance artists to ever do
  this, was Michelangelo.

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Meet Michelangelo

• Best known as a sculptor, also was an artist,
  architect, and poet.
• Mastered the art of drawing, sculpting male
  nudes.
• His paintings are easy to recognize by their 3-D
  appearance. His figures almost seem to rise off
  the page.
• He was also bi-polar.

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The David

• Michelangelos most
• Famous work. Located
• In the Florence Cathedral.
• Statue of the Bible
• Character David who
• Defeated Goliath.

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The Sistine Chapel

• Michelangelos most famous work was the SISTINE
  CHAPEL. He was originally supposed to paint the
  12 apostles on the ceiling of the church, but
  ended up painting the story of the old testament
  instead, using over 300 pictures on the ceiling.
  He laid on his back for 4 years from 1508-1512 to
  complete the ceiling.

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The Birth of Adam
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Michelangelos Last Judgment

• In addition to the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel,
  Michelangelo also painted the wall behind the
  pulpit.
• It is called, The Last Judgment.

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The Pieta by Michelangelo (1498-1500
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Being Boticelli

• Boticelli was the favorite artist of Florence,
  especially The MEDICI family, who were his best
  patrons. ( a patron is someone who supports an
  artist by buying his or her work).
• He also has 3 paintings in the Sistine Chapel.
• He is best recognized by his use of famous Greek
  or Roman characters and his use of motion.

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Primavera by Boticelli
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The Birth of Venus By Boticelli

• Remember, Venus is a Roman name for a Greek God.
  This shows you how much Renaissance artists used
  classic Greek and Roman inspiration for their
  works.
• Hint This is a good way to recognize Renaissance
  art.
• This picture also shows that Boticelli loved to
  use beautiful women in his art.

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Discovering Donatello

• Donatello was one of the first men to ever use
  sculpture OUTSIDE of a church setting.
• He also sculpted a statue of the David, only
  using Bronze.
• Donatello was one of the calmer artists of the
  bunch, focusing on his art above anything else.

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Remembering Raphael

• Raphael only lived to the age of 37.
• He was famous for mastering Portraits of other
  people.

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School of Athens by Raphael
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Last but not Least.The Renaissance Man

• The most popular of all Renaissance artists would
  have to be Leonardo di Vinci.
• Leonardo is what people call a TRUE RENAISSANCE
  MAN, which means he did just about everything. He
  was a jack of all trades. For example..

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Leonardo Di Vinci

• Leonardo di Vinci was an engineer, scientist,
  writer, inventor, architect, and painter.
• He invented the first parachute, helicopter, and
  aeroplane but his designs were thought to be
  insane.
• He was also notorious for not finishing anything
  he started.
• A good way to recognize his work is that his
  people very rarely have eyebrows.

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Vitruvian Man
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The Last Supper
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Self Portraits
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Y.T.T.W

• Determine at least two reasons as to how art
  changed from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance.
• Michelangelo 3 works
• Botticelli 2 Works
• Leonardo 2 works