On the Home Front

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On the Home Front

• Chapter 26 Section 3

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America Prepares for War

• 1. Under the Selective Service Act more than 15
  million Americans joined the armed forces.
• 2. About 250,000 women served in the
• -WAC (Womens Army Corps)
• -WAVES (Women Appointed for Volunteer Service in
  the Navy)
• -Marines, Coast Guard and Army Air Corps.
• 3. Did not fight, served as nurses and did
  clerical work.

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Mobilization

• 1. Military and civilian preparations for war,
• equipping troops with arms and other
  materials.
• 2. New Govt agencies
• War Production Board industries converted to war
  production.
• Office of Price Administration
• National War Labor Board resolve disputes that
  may slow down war production

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Financing the War

1. 320 billion spent on war effort
2. Revenue Act of 1942- much raised through taxes
3. Borrowed money
4. Sold war bonds

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Wartime America

1. Factories produced 70,000 ships, 100,000 tanks,
   airplanes and millions of guns.
2. Resources needed for war rationed gasoline,
   tires, sugar and meat
3. Victory Gardens-grew vegetables in short supply
4. Scrap metal collected

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Local county boards of the Office of Price
Administration issued every man, woman, and child
a ration book during the war. So much food needed
to be set aside for military use that the
government restricted civilian purchases. County
boards rationed sugar, coffee, meat, butter,
margarine, cheese, canned milk, canned fish,
canned fruits and vegetables, soups, and fruit
juices.

• Recipes in this book offer women options for
  cooking without sugar. The Office of Price
  Administration restricted civilian purchases of
  sugar because of a shortage. The war in the
  Pacific slowed the import of sugar into the
  country.

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Wartime Women

• Women were welders and riveters, worked in
  factories making war materials.
• Ad Campaign Rosie the Riveter

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African Americans

• 1 million served in war
• Segregated units
• 1942 trained together and received combat
  assignments
• 332nd Fighter Group, Tuskegee Airmen, trained at
  Tuskegee, Alabama
• Shot down more than 200 enemy planes
• First AA General in Air Force, Benjamin Davis, Jr.

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Native Americans

• Joined armed forces
• Navajo Code Talkers-created a special code to
  communicate troop movement and battle plans.
• Code based on Navajo language, Japanese never
  able to break code.

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Hispanic Americans

• 250,000 served in war
• Recruited 1000s of workers to support war effort
• Mercedes Cubria- first Hispanic woman officer,
  WAC
• Horatio Rivero- First Hispanic 4 star General

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Japanese Americans

• Feared and hated by Americans
• 2/3 were American citizens
• 100,000 sent to internment camps in desert areas
  of west
• Had to leave homes and possessions
• Many lost homes and possessions after release.

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Japanese Internment Camps, California Desert
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Internment Camps, California
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Alabama and the War
FORT MORGAN AIRSTRIP, 2004
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Air Station, Foley, Alabama
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Shipyard, Mobile
USS DRUM submarine, located at Battleship Park
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USS ALABAMA
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WARTIME MOBILE
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WARTIME MOBILE
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Wartime Mobile, Dauphin Street