North Africa - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 / 30
About This Presentation
Title:

North Africa

Description:

North Africa Involved are the countries of: Egypt, Morocco, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:308
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 31
Provided by: Informati790
Category:
Tags: africa | britain | greet | north

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: North Africa


1
North Africa
  • Involved are the countries of Egypt, Morocco,
    Libya, Tunisia, Algeria

2
(No Transcript)
3
(No Transcript)
4
Physical Geography
  • The Big Idea
  • North Africa is a dry region with limited water
    resources.
  • Main Ideas
  • Major physical features of North Africa include
    the Nile River, the Sahara, and the Atlas
    Mountains.
  • The climate of North Africa is hot and dry, and
    water is the regions most important resource.

5
(No Transcript)
6
Main Idea 1 Major physical features of North
Africa include the Nile River, the Sahara, and
the Atlas Mountains.
  • The Nile River is the longest river in the world.
  • Flows more than 4,000 miles northward through the
    desert
  • Formed by the union of two rivers, the Blue Nile
    and the White Nile
  • Empties into the Mediterranean Sea
  • The land along the Nile is very fertile.
  • Floods on the river deposit silt, or finely
    ground fertile soil, all along the river.
  • Before it reaches the sea, the Nile fans out into
    a huge fertile delta.
  • The Aswan High Dam controls flooding on the Nile.
  • Because of the lack of silt, farmers need to use
    fertilizer to grow crops.

7
Other Physical Features of North Africa
The Sinai and Suez Canal
  • The Sinai Peninsula is east of the Nile. It is
    mostly rocky and barren.
  • The Suez Canal separates the Sinai peninsula from
    the rest of Egypt. Ships carry oil and goods from
    the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea through the
    canal.

Mountains
  • Several mountain ranges can be found in the
    Sahara.
  • The highest mountains are the Atlas Mountains in
    the northwest, near the Mediterranean Sea. They
    rise to 13,600 feet (4,160 m) above sea level.

8
Sinai Penisula
9
The Sahara
Largest desert in the world, covering most of
North Africa
Very dry, so very few people live there
Nearly every settlement in the Sahara is located
near an oasis, a wet and fertile area in a desert
where a spring or well provides water.
Common features in the Sahara include broad
gravel plains, tall sand dunes, and dry
streambeds.
10
(No Transcript)
11
(No Transcript)
12
Main Idea 2The climate of North Africa is hot
and dry, and water is the regions most important
resource.
  • Climate
  • Three main climates
  • Desert very dry, with temperatures ranging from
    mild to very hot
  • Mediterranean found along the coast mild
    winters and warm summers
  • Steppe found between the coast and the desert
  • Resources
  • Because rain is rare, water is a valuable
    resource.
  • Oil and gas are found in Libya, Algeria, and
    Egypt.
  • Morocco has iron ore.
  • Coal, oil, and natural gas are found in the
    Sahara.

13
History and Culture
  • The Big Idea
  • North Africa is rich in history and Islamic
    culture.
  • Main Ideas
  • North Africas history includes ancient Egyptian
    civilization.
  • Islam influences the cultures of North Africa and
    most people speak Arabic.

14
Main Idea 1 North Africas history includes
ancient Egyptian civilization.
  • Egyptian civilization began after 3200 BC.
  • The Egyptians are most famous for building huge
    stone monuments, especially pyramids.
  • The pyramids were built as tombs for pharaohs, or
    Egyptian kings.
  • The largest pyramid is called the Great Pyramid.
    It is still standing today.
  • The Egyptians also developed a writing system
    called hieroglyphics.
  • Used pictures to represent words or ideas
  • Often carved on monuments to record pharaohs
    deeds

15
Later North African History
Greek and Arab Influence
  • The Greeks under Alexander the Great invaded
    Egypt.
  • They built a city, Alexandria, that became a
    center of trade and culture.
  • In the 600s the Arabs conquered much of North
    Africa.
  • They brought the Arabic language and Islam to the
    region.

European Influence
  • By 1912 European countries such as Britain,
    Spain, France, and Italy had taken over North
    Africa.
  • North Africa regained independence beginning in
    the 1920s. The last country to become free was
    Algeria in 1962.

Modern North Africa
  • Since independence the countries of North Africa
    have tried to build stronger ties with other Arab
    countries.

16
Main Idea 2Islam influences the cultures of
North Africa and most people speak Arabic.
People and Language
  • Egyptians, Berbers, Bedouins, and people of mixed
    ancestry live in North Africa.
  • The majority of people in the region speak Arabic.

Religion
  • Most North Africans are Muslims, people who
    practice Islam.
  • Islam influences many aspects of life in North
    Africa.
  • A small percentage of people in the region
    practice Christianity or other non-Islamic
    religions.

17
North African Culture
  • Foods
  • Grains, fruits, vegetables, and nuts are common.
  • Couscousdish made from wheat served with meat or
    vegetables
  • FuulEgyptian dish made from fava beans, olive
    oil, garlic, and lemons
  • Holidays and Customs
  • Most holidays are religious.
  • Cafes are gathering places.
  • People greet each other by shaking hands and
    touching their hearts.
  • Traditional clothes are long and loose.
  • The Arts and Literature
  • Traditional arts include wood carving and
    weaving.
  • Egypt has a movie industry.
  • Music is very popular.
  • Egyptian author Naguib Mahfouz won the Nobel
    Prize in 1988.

18
North Africa Today
  • The Big Idea
  • Many people of North Africa are farmers, and oil
    is an important resource.
  • Main Ideas
  • Many of Egypts people are farmers and live along
    the Nile River.
  • People in the other countries of North Africa are
    mostly pastoral nomads or farmers, and oil is an
    important resource in the region.

19
Main Idea 1Many of Egypts people are farmers
and live along the Nile River.
Egypt is the most populous country in North
Africa with more than 75 million people. Most of
them are poor farmers.
Government Egypt is a republic, though its
government is influenced by Islamic law. People
are torn over how much influence Islam should
have and how much the government should
participate in foreign affairs.
  • Society
  • Most people are very poor and do not have clean
    water.
  • Disease is common.
  • About half of all Egyptians cannot read or write.
  • The Egyptian government has made great progress
    in improving peoples lives.

20
Egypt Today
  • Resources and Economy
  • Limited resources
  • Nearly all farming takes place along the Nile.
    The land is very fertile and good for growing
    cotton.
  • Shipping through the Suez Canal brings money to
    Egypt.
  • Petroleum exports and tourism also make money.
  • Many Egyptian families depend on money sent by
    relatives in other countries.
  • Cities and Rural Life
  • Close to 99 percent of Egypts population lives
    in the Nile Valley and Delta.
  • Cairo is the largest city and capital. It has a
    mixture of modern buildings, historic mosques,
    and mud houses. The city is very crowded.
  • Alexandria, the second-largest city, is also poor
    and crowded.
  • More than half of all Egyptians live in villages
    and rural areas.

21
Main Idea 2People in the other countries of
North Africa are mostly pastoral nomads or
farmers, and oil is an important resource in the
region.
  • Together, western Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, and
    Morocco are called the Maghreb, from the Arabic
    for west.

Government
  • Governments are torn over how much influence
    Islam should have in the running of countries.

Economy
  • Oil is the most important resource in Libya and
    Algeria. Money from oil pays for schools, health
    care, and military equipment.
  • Farmers in the region grow wheat, olives, fruits,
    and nuts.
  • Tourism is also an important activity.

22
North African Cities
  • Large marketplaces called souks.
  • Merchants in souks sell goods like spices,
    carpets, and copper products.
  • A souk is located in the old section of a city
    called the Casbah.
  • Cities in Libya and Tunisia are mostly on the
    coast.
  • Benghazi and Tripoli(Libya) and Tunis, (Tunisia)
  • Moroccos largest cities are Casablanca and
    Tangier. Both are tourist attractions, and
    Tangier is a free port, a city in which goods are
    not heavily taxed.

23
The Countries of North Africa
  • Libya
  • Ruled since 1969 by General Muammar al-Gadhafi,
    a dictator, or ruler with complete power
  • Gadhafi supported violence against Israel, so
    many other countries limit their relations with
    Libya.
  • Algeria
  • In the 1990s violence broke out between the
    government and Islamic groups.
  • Today Algeria is working to recover from the
    violence and strengthen its economy.
  • Morocco
  • Only country in North Africa with little oil
  • Important producer and exporter of fertilizer
  • Tunisia
  • Close economic relations with many European
    countries
  • Tunisian women have more rights than others in
    the region.

24
(No Transcript)
25
(No Transcript)
26
(No Transcript)
27
(No Transcript)
28
(No Transcript)
29
(No Transcript)
30
(No Transcript)
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com