Chinese%20Tea%20Culture

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Chinese Tea Culture
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Chinese Tea Culture

• Introduction
• China, the Hometown of Tea
• The Importance of Tea in Peoples Daily Life
• Classification of Tea
• Tea and Health
• Tea Custom
• Tea Ceremonies Gongfu Tea
• Tea and Chinese Culture
• Tea Service Master
• Tea utensils

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Introduction

• Tea (?) commonly denotes the drink made from
  steeping(??) the processed leaves, buds(?), or
  twigs(?) of the tea bush (Camellia sinensis ??)
  in water.

• Only the top 1-2 inches of the mature plant are
  picked. These buds and leaves are called
  flushes(??) . A plant will grow a new flush every
  seven to fifteen days during the growing season,
  and leaves that are slow in development always
  produce better flavored teas.

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• Of the three major beverages of the world-- tea,
  coffee and cocoa-- tea is consumed by the largest
  number of people in the world. It has a cooling,
  slightly bitter, astringent flavor (??)which many
  enjoy.

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Introduction

• Chinese tea culture refers to the methods of
  preparation of tea,the equipment used to make tea
  and the occasions in which tea is consumed in
  China. The terms chayi "Art of Tea ??" and "Tea
  Ceremony" have been used, but the term "Tea
  Culture???" includes more than just the ceremony.
  Also "culture" is easier to translate into
  English from the Chinese term "art ?".

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• Tea culture in China differs from that of Europe,
  Britain or Japan in such things as preparation
  methods, tasting methods and the occasions for
  which it is consumed. Even now, in both casual
  and formal Chinese occasions, tea is consumed
  regularly. In addition to being a drink, Chinese
  tea is used in Traditional Chinese medicine and
  in Chinese cuisine.

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China, the Hometown of Tea

• It is universally acknowledged that China is the
  original tea-growing area, as well as the first
  country to grow, produce and drink tea.

The Discovery of Tea The History of tea in China
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The Discovery of Tea

• According to legend, in 2737 BC, Emperor SHEN
  NUNG a notably skilled ruler, scientist, scholar
  and patron??? of the arts, ruled Chinas vast
  empire. His many farsighted edicts?? included the
  requirement that all drinking water be boiled as
  a hygienic precaution.

Shen Nung Tasted Plants
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The Discovery of Tea

• One summer day, while on a state visit to a
  distant part of his realm, he and the court
  stopped to rest. Accordingly, servants began
  boiling water for the royal court to drink. By
  chance, the wind blew dried leaves from a near by
  bush, into the boiling water and a brown
  substance was infused into the liquid. As a
  gifted herbalist and scientist the Emperor was
  interested in the newly blended concoction???. He
  examined its properties and after sipping and
  tasting he declared it to beMOST REFRESHING!

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The History of tea in China

• It has been used as medicine since the primitive
  society.
• It has been found in the record documents of
  China Zhou Dynasty about 1100BC.
• According to historical data, China began to grow
  tea about two thousand years ago during the
  period of the Warring States (475-221BC).
• Drinking tea became a fashion in the Western Jin
  Dynasty and Tang dynasty.
• In the Song (960-1279) and Yuan (1271-1368)
  Dynasties tea appraising became a popular custom
• Since 1700s, the Chinese tea has largely expended
  into the world market.

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The History of tea in China

• At present more than forty countries in the world
  grow tea, with Asian countries producing 90 of
  the world's total output. All tea trees in other
  countries have their origin directly or
  indirectly in China.

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Map of Chinese Tea Producing Area

• 21 Provinces
• 4 regions

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Lu Yu, the Sage of Tea
?????
??(733?-804?),?????????(??????)?????,???,????????
????,????????????????????????,????????????????
?,?????,????,????? ??????????,????,????
????????,????????
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Lu Yu Sage of Tea
Tea Jing ??(Tea Classics) written by Lu Yu ??
in 760AD was the first book of tea in the world.
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Tea appraising in Ancient China

• In the Song and Yuan Dynasties a popular custom
  was. Over the long history of drinking tea, a
  special and simple Chinese tea culture came into
  being. Drinking tea was not only for quenching
  thirst or for enjoyment, but also for the
  promotion of friendship and mutual understanding.
  Folk customs of drinking tea reflected the
  ancient Chinese people's great interest in tea
  culture.

???
?? Tea Fight
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• A tea plant will grow into a tree of up to 16
  meters (52 ft) if left undisturbed, but
  cultivated plants are pruned to waist height for
  ease of plucking.

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Wild Tea Trees in Yunnan Province

• Height
• 32.12 m

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Tea Mountains
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The importance of Tea
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Tea in Daily Life

• Firewood, rice, oil, salt, sauce, vinegar and
  tea are the seven necessities to begin a day.
• Cu Cha Dan Fann ???? coarse tea and tasteless
  dinner

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The Importance of Tea
Tea in Chinas Economy

• Tea has always been a vital part of Chinas
  economy. Back in the Good Old Days ??????of the
  Great Wall it was actually used as money! Black
  Tea was formed into bricks and carried by traders
  as the caravans ?????)???ventured west. At that
  time, a brick of Black Tea was as precious as
  gold and as important an international currency
  as the US Dollar is today.

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Tea in Literature

• ???????,????????
• The merchant cared for money more than for me,
• one month ago he went away to purchase tea.
• ?????,??????
• Wine can add virginity to heroes
• while tea can stir up men of letters.

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Tea in Art
????
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Tea Classification

• The main varieties of Chinese tea
• Green Tea
• Black Tea
• Oolong Tea
• White Tea
• Yellow Tea
• Scented Tea

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Tea producing technology ????
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????

• (1)????-??-??(??)-?? ?????-??-??-??-??
  ?????-??-??-??-?? ?????-??
  (???????-??-??)
  ???(???)??-??-??-??(??)-?? ?????-??-??-??

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Tea Classification

• Other teas
• date tea
• ginseng tea
• fruit tea
• eight-treasure tea
• lotus seed-heart tea
• Tangerine(??) peel tea
• Chrysanthemum (??)Tea

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Green tea ??

• Characteristics
• The tea made without being fermented.
• The tea liquid and tea leaves are greenish.
• Benefits
• It help people reduce their inner heat.
• It helps with anti-ageing.
• It prevents computer radiation and bad breath.

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Green tea ??

• The most well-known green teas
• Longjing Tea from West Lake of Hangzhou ????
• Maofeng Tea from Huangshan Mountain ????
• Yunwu Tea from Lushan Mountain
  ????
• Biluochun Tea from Jiangsu
  ?????

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Longjing Tea ??

• a top-grade green tea from Longjing, West Lake,
  Hangzhou
• Four characteristics
• green in color ??
• fragrant in smell ??
• sweet in taste ??
• beautiful in appearance??

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Longjing Tea
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West Lake
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Biluochun Tea ???

• a top-grade green tea from Dongting ??, Taihu,
  ??,Wu County??, Jiangsu Province
• Biluo Peak on Mountain Dongting
• Terrifying aroma ????
• Emperor Kangxi ?? named it biluochun.

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Biluochun Tea
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Dongting
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Black tea ??

• Characteristics
• The fermented tea.
• The most popular tea in the world.
• The tea liquid and tealeaves are reddish.
• Benefits
• It facilitates the fostering of yangqi in the
  human body.
• It warms the stomach.
• It helps with digestion.
• It is a most suitable choice in cold seasons.

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Black tea ??

• The most well-known black teas
• Qimen Black Tea ????
• Yunan Dianhong Tea ????
• Sichuan Chuanhong Tea ????

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Qimen black tea

• a top-grade black tea from Qimen ?? and Guichi ??
  of Anhui Province.
• In 1915, Qimen black tea was awarded the Gold
  Medal at Panama International Fair.
• From then on, it has been popular with people in
  foreign countries, especially the upper-class
  people in Britain.

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Qimen black tea
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Qimen
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Oolong tea ???

• Characteristics
• blue tea ??
• The half-fermented tea
• an important part of Gongfu tea
• The tea leaves are green in the center and red at
  the edge.
• Benefits
• It decomposes fat and helps people lose weight.

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Oolong tea ???

• The most well-known blue teas
• Tieguanyin (Iron Goddess Guanyin) ???
• Wuyiyan Tea
  ????
• Taiwan Oolong Tea
  ????

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Tieguanyin ???

• Tieguanyin Tea, translated into English as Iron
  Goddess Tea, is one of the most famous types of
  Chinese Tea. It has many different translations
  and is often called Tieguanyin, Ti Kuan Yin,
  Tikuanyin, Iron Buddha, Iron Goddess Tea, and
  Iron Goddess of Mercy Tea.
• Tieguanyin is produced originally in Anxi
  County(??) in Fujian Province
• Tealeaves dark green in color, similar to that
  of iron
• It is said that Tieguanyin has such a strong
  aroma that even after adding water to the teapot
  seven times, one can still enjoy the pleasant
  taste and fragrance.
• Several legends of Tieguanyin.

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Tieguanyin ???
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A Legend of Tieguanyin 2-1

• During the reign of Emperor Qianlong there in
  Fujian Province's Anxi County there was a
  dilapidated temple that was dedicated to the
  Buddhist Bodhisattva Guanyin, the Goddess of
  Mercy. A poor farmer named Wei Yin(??) , on his
  way to his fields everyday, would pass the
  temple and noticed its deteriorating state. He
  felt something needed to be done. The farmer was
  quite poor and didn't have the means to restore
  the temple, so instead he brought a broom and
  incense to the temple. He thoroughly cleaned the
  temple and burned the incense in offering to
  Guanyin. He did this twice a month for many
  months.

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A Legend of Tieguanyin 2-2

• One night in a dream, the Bodhisattva Guanyin
  appeared to him and told him of a cave located
  behind the temple. Guanyin told him that a
  treasure was waiting in the cave for him. He was
  told to take this treasure and share it with
  others. When he woke up, Old Wei headed straight
  to the temple and found the cave which he had
  never noticed before. Growing in the cave was a
  single tea shoot. He took the shoot home, planted
  it, and nurtured it until it grew into a large
  bush. The tea he made from this bush was
  fantastic and unlike any tea he had ever tasted.
  He knew that this tree was indeed a treasure. He
  gave cuttings of the bush to all of his neighbors
  and began selling the plant as Tieguanyin, or
  Iron Goddess of Mercy. The tree of legend still
  exists and is considered a national treasure.
  Located near the tree, carved into the cliff is
  the name of the farmer who, according to legend,
  found the original tree.

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Anxi ??
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White tea ??

• Characteristics
• uncured, non-fermented, non-rubbed, fast-dried
  green tea
• The tealeaves are silver in color and have fine
  white hair on them.
• The tea liquid is yellowish in color and sweet in
  taste, with natural fragrance.
• Benefits
• It helps dispel heat within the human body.
• It also enhances immune function
• It protects the heart and blood vessels.

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White tea ??

• It is mainly produced in Fuding ??,Zhenghe ??,
  and Songxi?? of Fujian Province.
• The most well-known White tea
• yinzhen baihao ???? (silver needle with fine
  hair on them)
• baimudan ??? (White Peony )

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yinzhen baihao ????
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Yellow Tea ??

• Characteristics
• The tea is produced by letting damp tea leaves
  naturally turn yellow
• It has an original smell like that of black tea
  if the tea is cured with other herbs, but its
  taste is most similar to green and white teas.
• Benefits
• It refreshes the mind.
• It helps clear away heat and toxic materials
  within the human body.

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Yellow Tea ??

• The best well-known
• Junshan Yinzhen (????) from Hunan
• Huoshan Huangya (????) from Mt. Huo, Anhui
• Meng Ding Huangya (????) from Mt. Meng, Sichuan
• Da Ye Qing (???)from Guangdong

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Junshan Yinzhen ????
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Scented tea ??

• The tea made by mixing and aromatizing tea leaves
  with scented flowers
• It is produced mainly in Fujian, Zhejiang,
  Jiangsu and Anhui provinces.

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Scented tea ??

• The most well-known
• jasmine tea ????
• magnolia tea ????
• lotus flower tea ???
• chrysanthemum tea ???
• rose tea ????

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Jasmine tea ????

• the most popular among scented tea
• made from jasmine flowers.
• The most well-known jasmine flower tea is
  produced in Fujian Province.

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The Steps of Making Jasmine Tea

• Pick a lot of jasmine flower buds and put them in
  a clean place
• At midnight when the flowers have the strongest
  fragrance, add green tea to them for absorption
• Get rid of the withered jasmine flowers and get
  the tealeaves baked
• Put the baked tealeaves into newly picked jasmine
  flowers again.
• This is repeated several times before the
  tealeaves are ready to be used.

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Compressed tea ???

• The tea compressed and hardened into a certain
  shape
• brick tea ?? in the form of bricks
• Tuocha ?? in the form of cakes and bowls
• good for transport and storage
• mainly supplied to the ethnic minorities living
  in the border areas of the country
• mainly produced in Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan and
  Yunnan provinces

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Compressed tea

• Brick tea ??
• huazhuan ??? (flower brick)
• heizhuan ??? (black brick)
• mizhuan ??? (rice brick)
• qingzhuan ??? (green brick)
• Tuocha ??
• Xiaguan tuocha ????
• Puer tuocha ????
• Sichuan tuocha ????

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Huazhuan Heizhuan
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Qingzhuan Mizhuan
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Tuocha
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Tea Custom

• Popularity
• Tea health benefits
• Social functions
• Some common practices
• Tea Ceremony

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Tea customs

• Popularity
• Scented tea is popular in northern China
• Green tea is preferred in eastern China
• Black tea is optimum for people in Fujian and
  Guangdong
• Compressed tea is mainly for minorities.

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Tea and Health

• Tea is a natural and healthy drink.
• Tea contains a lot of nutrients that help to
  build up good health.
• Tea is refreshing and helps you work efficiently.
• Tea is a thirst quencher and aids digestion of
  food.
• Tea helps to disinfect and alleviate
  inflammation.
• Tea helps urinary output and purge toxins.
• Tea helps fitness and against cardiovascular
  diseases.

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Social Functions

• As a sign of respect
• The younger generation shows its respect to the
  older generation by offering a cup of tea.
• To apologize
• People make serious apologies to others by
  pouring them tea. (a sign of regret and
  submission)
• To express thanks to your elders on your wedding
  day
• Traditionally, both the bride and groom kneel in
  front of their parents and serve them tea.

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Tea Served at Wedding Ceremony
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Some common practices

• One should neither pour tea water till the teacup
  is full nor empty the teapot or teacups while
  drinking tea. (Shandong Province)
• If a guest emptied his/her teacup, the host would
  think he/she does not want any more tea and
  therefore wouldnt offer him/her any more tea.
• Knocking bent index, middle and ring fingers on
  the table three times to express gratitude to the
  person who serves the tea.

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Tea Ceremony
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Tea Ceremonies

• The Chinese tea ceremony, also called the Chinese
  Way of Tea, is a Chinese cultural activity
  involving the ceremonial preparation and
  presentation of tea leaf. The manner in which it
  is performed, or the art of its performance is
  shown in the tea ceremony. Taoism has also been
  an influence in the development of the tea
  ceremony. The elements of the Chinese tea
  ceremony is the harmony of nature and enjoying
  tea in an informal and formal setting. Tea
  ceremonies are now being revived in China's new
  fast-paced culture, and continuing in the long
  tradition of intangible Chinese art .

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Tea Ceremony
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Steps to Make Tea

• Heat the pot Heat the teapot with boiled water
  to eliminate peculiar smell. Heated pot can help
  to release the tea scent.    

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Steps to Make Tea

• Place the tea The mouth of the teapot is usually
  small, so one should first put the tea in a
  special half-ball vessel and hand it to guests
  for them to appraise the shape of the tea leaf.
  Then, put the tea into the pot with a teaspoon.
  The amount of the tea is about 1/3 of the teapot.

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Steps to Make Tea
Warm the cup Warm the cups with boiled water
that heats the pot.
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Steps to Make Tea

• High pour One needs to lift up the kettle high
  to make a good tea. The tealeaves turn over and
  scatter in the pot after water pouring in from a
  high level. This is known as high pour, a better
  way to get out the aroma of the tealeaves.    

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Steps to Make Tea

• Low pour After the tea is ready, one can pour it
  into a handless cup. This time, one should keep
  the pot's mouth as low as possible and close to
  the cup to minimize escaping of the aroma. This
  is known as low pour. Normally, pour the
  first-round brewing and the second-round brewing
  into one cup, one will have a better taste tea.
  Repeat this when one makes the third and fourth
  brewing, and the following rounds as well.    

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Steps to Make Tea

• Distribute the tea Tea is distributed into cups
  from the handless cup, with an amount of about
  7/10 of the cup.
• Offer the tea Offer the tea to guests in teacups
  together with cup pad.
• Smell the tea Before tasting the tea, one should
  first look at its color and smell its aroma.
• Taste the tea The Chinese character ? (taste) is
  three ? (mouth) that are put together, which
  means one should taste one cup of tea in three
  sips. Before sipping and tasting the tea, one
  should smile at the tea brewer for one or two
  seconds to express appreciation.

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Gongfu tea
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Gongfu Tea

• Introduction
• The vessels for Gongfu tea
• Drinking Process

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Gongfu Tea Introduction
What does Gonggu( ??) mean in Chinese?

• It came into being in the Qing Dynasty.
• Gongfu time-consuming.
• choose the appropriate tea set
• take time to prepare the tea
• take time to taste and drink the tea

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Gongfu Tea Four treasures

• Kettle yushu wei
• ???
• Oven chaoshan lu
• ???
• Teapot mengchen gua
• ???
• Cups Ruochen ou
• ???
• The tea vessels are small and exquisite.

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Gongfu Tea Drinking Process

• The teapot and teacups are heated with hot water.
  
• Tealeaves are put into the teapot (7/10 of the
  capacity).
• Boiling water is poured into the teapot.
• When pouring boiling water from the kettle into
  the teapot, one should raise the kettle high.
• When pouring tea from the teapot into the
  teacups, one should lower the teapot and keep its
  spout close to the teacups.

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Gongfu Tea Drinking Process

• One should not fill one teacup after another,
  instead, one should put the teacups in a circle
  and pour a little tea into the teacups each time.
  
• Only after two or three rounds of pouring should
  the teacups be filled with tea. (This is to
  ensure that each teacup gets an even share of tea
  and each cup of tea has the same taste.)
• Even when only a few drops of tea water is left,
  the person serving tea should not stop serving
  he/her should drip the tea water into all the
  teacups in turn to the last drop.

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Gongfu tea Drinking Process

• The person serving the tea should take the teapot
  handle with his/her thumb and middle finger, push
  the teapot lid open with his/her forefinger, and
  make the tea water drip up by means of air
  pressure.
• When drinking tea, one should not drink it up all
  at once he/she should first smell it, taste it,
  then drink it slowly.
• One should strictly follow the rules, otherwise
  he/she would be considered as ignorant of tea
  etiquette.

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Tea and Chinese Culture

• In the Tang Dynasty, the word cha (tea) was a
  complimentary name for girls.
• Little girls were called little cha or
  chacha.
• ???????,????????--???
• ???????,????????--???

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Tea and Chinese Culture

• Betrothal gifts(???) tea gifts
• bridegrooms family tea gift giving ??
• brides family tea gift accepting ??
• Tea can only propagate(??) by seeds and tea trees
  cannot be transplanted once they are planted.

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Tea and Chinese Culture

• Listen to her! cried Tai-yu. Just took a
  little tea from her and she starts to order you
  about.
• His-feng chuckled.
• Only asked a favor, you make such a fuss! And
  over drinking tea! Now since you have drunk our
  tea, a daughter-in-law you should be!
• On hearing this, the whole party burst out
  laughing. Tai-yu blushed and turned her head
  away, saying nothing.

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Tea and Chinese Culture

• ????,?????
• ?????,??????
• ????? ,??????
• ???????, ??????? ?
• ???????, ????????
• ???????, ????????

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??????????

• ?,
• ??,??,
• ???,????
• ????,?????
• ?????,??????
• ??????,???????
• ???????,????????

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Tea Service Master ???
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Tea Service Master ???
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Tea Service Master ???
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Tea utensils
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Tea Sets

•  Fictile(?) Tea Sets
• Porcelain(?)Tea Sets
• White-porcelain tea sets
• Celadon (?? )tea sets
• Black-porcelain tea sets
• Lacquer Tea Sets (???? )
• Glass Tea Sets
• Metal Tea Sets
• Bamboo and Wooden Tea Sets

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Fictile Tea Sets

• The purple clay teapot is made of unglazed clay
  (???,???????), which is baked with purple and red
  mud specially found in the local area.
• Among the fictile tea sets, the purple clay tea
  set made in Yixing is regarded as the best one.

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Porcelain Tea Sets

• White-porcelain tea sets the most famous
  white-porcelain producing area is Jingdezhen, and
  other areas include Liling of Hunan Province,
  Tangshan of Hebei Province and Qimen of Anhui
  Province.

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Lacquer Tea Sets

• Lacquer tea sets were put into use in the Qing
  Dynasty and mainly made in Fuzhou area of Fujian
  Province.

101
Glass Tea Sets

• Glass, transparent and with dazzling luster, is a
  plastic material used widely. Using glass cup to
  make tea, one can enjoy a good view of the bright
  color of the water and the tender tealeaves that
  are pushed up and down when water is poured in
  and then slowly stretch.

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Metal Tea Sets

• Metal has great advantage over other materials
  in tea storage, and tin is the best one compared
  to all other metals such as gold, silver and
  copper. Tin pot is mostly made with small mouth
  and long neck together with a tube-shaped body.
  Such kind of airproof tin pot can guard tea
  against moisture, oxidation, light and peculiar
  smell.

103
Bamboo and Wooden Tea Sets

• Bamboo and Wooden Tea Sets In past days, large
  rural areas, including tea-producing areas, used
  bamboo or wooden tea sets to make tea because
  they were cheap but with good quality. But such
  tea sets are seldom used nowadays, except some
  bamboo and wooden pots that are used to store
  tea, especially teapots made of boxwood(???) and
  reed-bamboo.

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Tea utensils
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Tea utensils
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Tea utensils
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Tea utensils
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Tea utensils
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Homework for the next unit
Introduce local operas in your hometown or opera
you like.