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1
????? ???????Expert Systems (ES)

• ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????
  ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?????
  ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???????.
• ????? ????? ???????
• ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ????
• ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????
  ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????
  ????? ??? (??????? ????? ? ?????? ???????).
• ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? (????? ????
  ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ???
  ????? ?????).

2
?????? ????? ???????

• ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????
• ????? ??????? Knowledge Base
• ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????
  ???? ??????? (??????? ???? ???????)
• ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????
  ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????
  ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ???
• (prolog _lisp) ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ???????
  ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? Working
  Memory

3

• ?????? ????????? ( ?????????) Inference Engine
• ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ??????
  ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?????????
  ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????
  ???????? ????? ??? ?????? , ????? ???? ???? ?????
  ???? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ???
• ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????
  ?? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????
• ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????????? ??????? ???
  ??????????

4

• ????? ???????? Interface
• ?? ???? ?????? Dialog system
• ??? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???
  ???????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ???????
  ??
• ?? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????????? ???
  ??????? ??????
• ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????
  ??????

5
????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????

• a - ??? ???

6
b- ??? ??????
7
(No Transcript)
8
????? ?????? ?????? Properties Expert System

• ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???
  ?? ???? ??? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????
  ?????? ??????? ???
• ????? ?????????
• ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????
• ?? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ????????
  ???? ??????
• ?? ???? ??? ??????? , ?????? ?????? ????????? ??
  ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????

9
???? ????? ???????

• ????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??
  ???? ????? ??? ??????
• ??????? ??????? Knowledge Engineers
• ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????
  ????
• ????? ?????? Domain Experts
• ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????
  ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??????
  ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??
  ?????? ?????? .

10
????? ???? ?????? ??????

• ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????
  ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???????
  ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????
  ?????? ???????. ???????? ??
• ??????? Identification
• ???? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??
  ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????
  ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ???
  ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????
  ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??
  ???????.

11
??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????
?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?????
??? ?????? ??????

12
????? ???????? Conceptualization?? ??? ???????
??? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????
?????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????
??????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????????
?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????
?????? ??? ??? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???
????????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????
????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????
?????? ??????

13
(No Transcript)
14
3- ??????? Formalization ??? ?? ??? ???????
?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???
???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????
??????? ?????? ?????? .4- ???????
Implementation ?? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????????
???? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????????
????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? .
15
????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???
??????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???
?????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????
???????????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????
16
???????? Testing ???? ????? ??????? ???????
??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?-???
??????? . ?- ????? ??????? ????? ???????
.????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????
????? ? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ? ?? ?????
.???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ? ??? ?????
?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? .
17
??? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????? ?????
?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????
?????? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ???????? ????????
????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ???????? ????????
?????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????
?????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???????
?? ?????? ??????? ???????? .
18
????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??
?????? ?? ?????? ??????? DENDRAL ???? ??? ??
????? ????????? (1965) ?????? ????? ???????
????????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ???
???? ?? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ???
???? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ???????
????????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????
??????? ???????? ??? ???????? ????????gt
19
????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????
?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??????
DENDRAL 1965? ???????? ??????????
MAXIMA 1965? ????? ?????????
MYCIN 1972? ????? ????? ????
PROSPECTOR 1972? ?????? ???????
DIGITALS 1978? ??????? ???????
XCAN 1982? ??????? ????????
MAX 1992? ????? ????? ??????
20
??????? ???????? ????? ??????? Different Forms
of Expert Systems

• ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????
  ???????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ? ? ?? ???????
  ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ? ????????
  ???????? ???????? .
• ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??????
  ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ? ?????
  ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ?
  ?????? ??? .
• ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??????
  ????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? .

21
?????? ????????? ? ????? ??????? Artificial
Intelligence and Expert Systems

• ????? ?????? ????????? Concept of Artificial
  Intelligence
• ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????
  ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????
  ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ? ????? ??????
  ???????? ? ?????? ??? ??????? ? ?????? ? ????? ?
  ? ????? ??????
• ???????? ???????? ?????? ????????? .
• ?? ?????? ????????? ??????? ? ??????? ?? ??????
  ??????? ? ??????? ???????? ? ???? ?? ????????? ??
  ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ? ?????? ???
  ??????? ? ??????? .