What are the three steps in PCR?

1
What are the three steps in PCR?
2
What are the three steps in PCR?

• Denaturation
• Hybridization of Primer
• DNA replication

3
What is the enzyme used for PCR?
4
What is the enzyme used for PCR?

• DNA Polymerase from a hyperthermophile
• This is why the enzyme is not destroyed at 94
  degrees Celsius

5
What are introns?
6
What are introns?

• Introns are non-coding sequences found in
  structural genes in eukaryotes
• They are removed during splicing

7
What is reverse transcriptase?
8
What is reverse transcriptase?

• It is an enzyme that copies RNA into DNA
• It is produced by certain viruses

9
What are restriction enzymes?
10
What are restriction enzymes?

• They are enzymes that cut DNA at specific base
  sequences
• They are produced by bacteria
• Many of them cut the DNA so that they produce
  sticky ends or single stranded ends

11
What are vectors used in making recombinant DNA?
12
What are vectors used in making recombinant DNA?

• Vectors are self replicating pieces of DNA
• They are used to get DNA into cells
• Two commonly used vectors are plasmids and
  bacteriophage

13
What are three techniques used to get recombinant
DNA into cells?
14
What are three techniques used to get recombinant
DNA into cells?

• Transformation
• Electroporation
• Microinjection (for eukaryotic cells)

15
What does RFLP stand for?
16
What does RFLP stand for?

• Restriction fragment length polymorphism
• It is often used in DNA fingerprinting
• It requires gel electrophoresis which separates
  DNA by size