Colorado Space Grant Consortium

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Gateway To Space ASEN / ASTR 2500 Class 2
Colorado Space Grant Consortium
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Today

• Who is here for the first time?
• Who has class at 1100 today?
• 1 Minute Report, use same number and put full
  name on them
• Attendance Sheet
• Next time BalloonSat Overview and HW 01 Due
  (Remember to follow naming guidelines on
  syllabus)
• Pictures

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Syllabus
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Syllabus
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Syllabus
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How to get an A
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How to get an A
Everyone starts out with an A You have to try
really hard to get anything lower than C- Not in
the business of giving bad grades But you get
the grade you earn Please, Please, Dont Cheat
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How to get an A
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How to get an A
Grades are based on a normal 100 point
scale There is no curve Team project and
participation are based on your team evaluation
and instructor evaluation Feedback will be
slow Grader Jennifer McGraw Helper - Kendra
Kilbride
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How to get an A
Grade Breakdown - 30 Coursework -
Attendance (33) - 1 Minute Reports (30)
- Homework (1-4,6) - Community service
(1) - 5 Homework 5 - 10 Final Exam - 8
Team Proposal - 8 Team Presentations (3) -
10 Team Design Document (2 Revs) - 12 Team
Project and Participation - 17 Final Team
Report Presentation 45 You
55 Team
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Community Service
- Everyone must do a community service
activity - Must be something you are not doing
for any other class - Preferred if it is related
to this class, your college major, or your
interest in space - Community service must be
completed before last day of class - Form is on
the class website and must be signed
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Miscellaneous

• - Attendance will be taken (Signing for friends)
• Coming in late
• - Communications via email and this class
• - Travel and sick

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Miscellaneous

• Mutual Respect Shut up and be quiet
• Clap and questions
• Office hours 1045-1145 T Th or by appointment
• Where to Find Me
• Notes Take them
• Book(s) for course

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Miscellaneous
Book(s) for course - Typical engineering book
cost 100, 90, 80, 70 This Book - 13.95
- Rocket Boys Homer Hickam AlsoSet aside
25 for batteries
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Miscellaneous
Book(s) for course This Book - 11.66 -
Moondust In search of the men who fell to
Earth Andrew Smith AlsoSet aside 25 for
batteries
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1 Minute Report
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1 Minute Report
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Homework
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Homework
Submit via email - Subject should be in this
format HW XX Lastname Firstinitial - Send all
items to Prof.Koehler_at_gmail.com - Get from
Website First Homework is
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Website
spacegrant.colorado.edu/space
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Final Word
Youll Never
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Space Grant Open House August 27, 2009 530
PM DLC 1B70
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Questions?
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1 Minute Reports

• How do you actually pronounce your name?
• How do we determine our teams?
• How big are teams?
• How much work will we do outside the class per
  week?
• What are we doing with the books?
• Can I volunteer at Space Grant?
• Can you be a faculty mentor?
• Do you have to have previous experience?
• Are there any tests or quizzes?
• Do we find our own community service project?
• What does RFP mean?
• Which Star Wars movie should a I watch?

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1 Minute Reports

• How do you actually pronounce your name?
• How do we determine our teams?
• How big are teams?
• How much work will we do outside the class per
  week?
• What are we doing with the books?
• Can I volunteer at Space Grant?
• Can you be a faculty mentor?
• Do you have to have previous experience?
• Are there any tests or quizzes?
• Do we find our own community service project?
• What does RFP mean?
• Which Star Wars movie should a I watch?

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Spacecraft Overview Class 2
Colorado Space Grant Consortium
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Questions?
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Introduction

• Say you wanted to put this into orbit

• What are the questions you need to answer to do
  this?

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Questions

• What type of orbit would it need to be in?
• How much would it cost?
• How much would it weigh?
• How long would it take to get it to orbit?
• What would you have to worry about?
• How long would it work?
• How do you know it will work when it gets there?
• What would you need?

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What Do You Need?

• Launch Vehicle
• Temperature Control System
• Communication System
• Command and Data System
• Structure and Mechanisms
• Power System
• Attitude System
• Software
• Propulsion System
• Cash

• Schedule
• Budget
• Plan
• Testing
• Reliability
• Operators
• People, People, People
• Organization

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Organization?

• Teamwork

Project Management
Systems Engineering
Power
Comm
Structures
Thermal
ADCS
CDH
MOPS
Ground Ops
Education
Web
Science
Software
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What To Worry About?

• Radiation
• Temperature Extremes
• Vacuum of Space
• Atmospheric Drag
• Cleanliness
• Launch Loads
• Shock
• Power
• Mission Life

• Autonomy
• Cash
• Pointing
• Schedule
• Weight

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Answers

• The answers to these questions make up most
  spacecraft
• systems
• Today well look at most of them

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Organization?

• Teamwork

Project Management
Systems Engineering
Power
Comm
Structures
Thermal
ADCS
CDH
MOPS
Ground Ops
Education
Web
Science
Software
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The Process

• 1. Mission
• 2. Orbit Selection
• 3. Launch Vehicle
• 4. Everything else
• - Structures, Interfaces, and Mechanisms
• -

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Orbit Selection

• Do you want to take picture of Boulder every
  day?
• At the same time?
• As many times as possible per day?
• Pick orbit right up front
• Different Types of Orbits
• Polar Orbits
• LEO
• GEO
• Different altitudes and inclinations
• Sun Synchronous Orbits
• - STK (Satellite Tool Kit)

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Launch Vehicle

• Then pick launch vehicle based on your orbit
  needs
• Weight needs
• Cost needs
• Certain launch vehicles cant go to all orbits

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Structure

• Your launch vehicle helps direct your structure
  design
• Volume, CG, and weight constraints
• Launch loads and shock issues associated with LV
• Interface constraints
• Vibration constraints

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Structure
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Structure
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Structure
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Structure
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Structure
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Structure
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Structure

• The whole purpose of the structure is to support
  the payload
• Then the other systems
• Composites
• Honeycomb
• Aluminum
• Plate
• Isogrid
• Titanium
• Stainless Steel

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Mechanisms

• In addition to structure you have mechanisms
• People are afraid of mechanisms
• Two types, deployment and payload support
• They usually are single point failures
• Hard to test on ground as they are used in space
• Mast example (Special Programs, Balloon)
• KC-135 Boom Video

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Mechanisms
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Mechanisms

• Deployment failures usually are mission ending
• Spacecraft design try to minimize mechanisms
• Deployment mechanisms are the biggest concern
• Pointing mechanisms are less of an issue

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Communication

• Think of it as an internet connection
• Data rates are similar
• Can only connect for 10 minutes (pass time)
• This can vary based on orbit
• Transmitter (TX)
• Receiver (RX)
• Antennas (TX, RX, and Ground)
• Sometimes modems and TNC
• TX are big power hogs but usually not on all the
  time
• Cell phone technology
• IP technology

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ADCS

• Attitude Determination and Control System
• Driving a car on a mountain pass at night without
  headlights and no tires
• Some determination can be done on ground
• Determination System
• Star Trackers, Magnetometer, Sun Sensors
• Booms

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ADCS

• Controls Systems
• Torque Rods, Momentum Wheel, Thrusters, gyros
• A lot of software and control laws

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ADCS
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Power

• There is high likelihood of power being the
  reason a satellite fails
• Miniature power plant
• Most spacecraft use less power than a 300 W light
  bulb
• Very complicated system
• Batteries

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Power

• Solar cells
• Charging circuits
• Distribution system
• Control system
• Conversion system

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Propulsion

• Is limiting factor on long missions
• Station keeping
• Attitude Control
• Delta V burns (orbit maneuvers)
• Atmospheric Drag
• Different types
• Mono-propellant
• Bi-propellant
• Cold Gas
• Ion

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Thermal

• Can make or break a system literally
• Three types of thermal control Active, Passive,
  Do Nothing
• Active
• Heaters, heat pipes, thermostats, cryogenics
• Passive
• Radiators, insulation, surface finishes,
  conductive materials
• Do Nothing
• - Usually a combination of first two

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Thermal
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Thermal
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CDH

• Command and Data Handling
• The brain of a satellite
• Is pretty dumb without software
• Basically a home computer but much smaller and
  less of a power hog
• Very difficult system, many unknowns and bugs

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CDH

• Consists of
• Motherboard or CPU
• Firmware
• Storage device or medium
• Sub-nets or sub processors
• Many sensors
• Many interface boards

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Software

• Programmers are worth weight in gold
• Days of Voyager spacecraft are over
• Today, satellites are very complex and so is the
  software
• Software is usually last thing done
• Last minute fixes are very dangerous

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Mission Operations

• Houston, we have a problem
• MOPS is the command center of the satellite
• All human interaction occurs through this team
• Much coordination is required to properly
  operate satellite
• Failure modes determined FMEA
• Data storage and analysis
• All communication is done through MOPS
• Usually staffed 24/7

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Other

• Management
• Systems Engineering
• Budgets
• Contracts
• Planners
• Manufacturers Technicians
• Test Engineers

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Anatomy of a Satellite
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Anatomy of a Satellite
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Anatomy of a Satellite
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Anatomy of a Satellite
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Anatomy of a Satellite
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Anatomy of a Satellite
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Anatomy of a Satellite
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Anatomy of a Satellite
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Anatomy of a Satellite
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Anatomy of a Satellite
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Questions?
Colorado Space Grant Consortium
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Picture Time
Colorado Space Grant Consortium