????(R-)

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• ?????
• ????????

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• 2-??-5-????

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(No Transcript)
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• ??????

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??? ?????

• ????????
• ??????????
• ?????
• ????(R-)
• ???????????????
• CnH2n1

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???????,???,????

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Find the Longest ContinuousCarbon Chain

1 2 3
4 5
3-Methylpentane
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You Must Choose the LongestContinuous Carbon
Chain
4 3 2
1 5
6 7 4-Ethylheptane

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Number from the End Nearestthe First Substituent
7 6 5 4
3 2 1 4-Ethyl-3-methylheptane

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Number from the End Nearestthe First Substituent
8 7 6 5 4 3
2 1 3-Ethyl-5-methyloctane
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Use di- With Two Substituents

1 2 3
4 2,3-Dimethylbutane
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Every Substituent Must Get a Number

1 2 3 4 5
6 3,3-Dimethylhexane
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Number from the End NearestFirst Substituent

10 9 8 7 6 5
4 3 2 1 2,7,8-Trimethyldecan
e
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Number from the End Which Has the First
Difference

1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 3,4,8-Trimethylde
cane
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A More-Highly-SubstitutedCarbon Takes Precedence

5 4 3 2
1 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
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Number from the End Nearestthe First Difference

1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 6-Ethyl-3,4-dimeth
yloctane
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Which end do we number from?

8 7 6 5 4 3
2 1 3-Ethyl-6-methyloctane
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If you can name this, you can name anything!

1 2 3 4 5
6
7
8 9 4-Isopropyl-2,6,6-trimethylno
nane
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Naming Complex Substituents

2-Ethyl-1,1-dimethylbutyl
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Good Luck!

7-(1,1-Dimethylbutyl)-3-ethyl-7-methyldodecane
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Degree of Substitution
1?
1 1 3
2 3 2 4 1
1 3 2
1
2 1

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??? ?????

• ????????????????
• ??(Constitution)?????????????????????
  
• Vant Hoff and Le Bel ???????????

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Tetrahedral Geometry

• Methane ????? Kekulé??

??????
??????
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???Kekulé??(????)
???Kekule??(????)
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????????
????????
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??????sp3??

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sp3 Hybrid Orbital
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?????????

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??? ?????

• ??(Conformation)?????????????,???????????????
• Different arrangements of atoms within a molecule
  that can be converted into one another merely by
  rotation about single bonds.
• ???????

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Ethane(Staggered Conformation)

Side View
End View
????????
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Ethane(eclipsed conformation)
End View
Side View
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?????
???
???
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???????
Conformations of Ethane
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???????

• CH3CH2 CH2CH3 ???1,2-?????,?C2
  C3??,??????,???????

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???????(1)lt(2)lt(3)lt(4)
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Butane(anti conformation)
side view
end view
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Butane(gauche conformation)
end view
side view
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Butane(syn conformation)
end view
side view
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Butane(anticlinal conformation or
eclipsed-120 conformation)
side view
end view
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???????
Conformations of Butane
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Steric Strain in Butane(gauche conformation)
close contact betweenmethyl groups
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Steric Strain in Butane(syn conformation)
really crowded!
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??? ???????
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????C4??gas,C5 C16liquid, C17 ??solid?

• ???????????,??????????????????????????
• ???????????????????

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1)????????????????? 2)?????????????(????) b.p.
CH3(CH2)2CH3 -0.5 (CH3)2CHCH3 -10.2
CH3(CH2)3CH3 36.1 (CH3)2CHCH2CH3 27.9
C(CH3)4 9.5
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????????????????????????,???????????????(???)????
?????,???????????C4???????????????????????????????
?????? m.p. (CH3)2CCH2CH3 -159.9
CH3(CH2)3CH3 -129.7 (CH3)4C
-16.6 ???like dissolves like.
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??? ???????

• C C, C H????,???,??????????
• ????

????????????????????,????????
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???
The Internal Combustion Engine
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????

• ????????????????????????????450?
  ????????????????????????????????????????

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????

• ??????????????????????,?????,??????????

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?????
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25? ?,???????????????3?H2?H 1?H541
?????????,???1600821? ?????????????????????
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(No Transcript)
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??? ????????

• ????(Reaction mechanism)?????????????,??????????
  ??
• ?????????
• Experimental
• 1.??????,???
• 2.???,???
• 3.???,??1???,?????????????
• 4.?????,????????

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???????(??????????????),?????
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??????????????????
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??????????????

• F2 gtCl2gtBr2gtI2

F2 gtCl2gtBr2gtI2
F2 gtCl2gtBr2gtI2
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????????????? ?????????????

• 1???CH3. Sp2 ????

???????? ??????????? 3?gt2?gt1? gtCH3.
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??? ??????

• ????

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???????????,???????
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ENERGY PROFILE
???
????
one step reaction
transition state TS
E N E R G Y
activation energy Ea
heat of reaction DH
starting material
product
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??????????? ??????????
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?????????????????????????????????,??????????
,???????

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ENERGY PROFILE
???
two step reaction
????
intermediate
TS1
E N E R G Y
TS2
Ea2
Ea1
step 1
step 2
starting material
DH
product
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??? ?????

• ??????
• 1. Wurtz???

??????????
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2. Corey-House???
3. Kolbe???
???????????????C6???????
??????
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Problem Assignment

• ???????????,??????,?????,?????,????????????,??????
  ????,??????
• ??????????????????????????
• ?????????

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Problem Assignment

• ??????

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Homework Assignments

• 1.(1,3,5,7,9) 4 5 6 7 9 10??????C1-C2,C2-C
  3????? 11 13
• 14(???-21kJ/mol?E1??)
• 15 18
• 19?

Be carefully. Be seriously. Be correctly.
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??4(1)3?(2)3?(3)4?(4)6???????6(3)?CH3CH2CH2CH2CH(
CH3)2
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??????????