Title: TREATMENT OF THE JUVENILE OFFENDER CONCLUSIONS FROM THEORY AND RESEARCH
1TREATMENT OF THE JUVENILE OFFENDERCONCLUSIONS
FROM THEORY AND RESEARCH
- DR. ROBERT D. HOGE
- DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY
- CARLETON UNIVERSITY
- OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1S 5B6
- 613-520-5773
robert_hoge_at_carleton.ca
2SOME CAUTIONS
- NOVEL CONCEPTS
- NARROW PERSPECTIVE
- FOCUS ON NEEDS AS WELL AS RISK
- LACK OF RESOURCES
3SERVICE GOALS OF JUDICIAL CORRECTIONAL SYSTEMS
- COMMUNITY PROTECTION
- ACCOUNTABILITY TO THE VICTIM
- COMPETENCY DEVELOPMENT
- BALANCE
4SOME BASIC ASSUMPTIONS
- SIGNIFICANT ADVANCES ARE BEING MADE IN OUR
UNDERSTANDING OF YOUTH CRIME - THERE IS AN EMERGING CONSENSUS ON THE CORRELATES
AND CAUSES OF CRIMINAL ACTIVITY IN YOUNG PEOPLE - THERE IS AN EMERGING CONSENSUS ON THE ATTRIBUTES
OF EFFECTIVE PROGRAMMING FOR YOUNG OFFENDERS
5CONCLUSIONS FROM THE TREATMENT LITERATURE
- EARLY INTERVENTIONS WITH HIGH RISK CHILDREN
AND FAMILIES WORK
6CONCLUSIONS FROM THE TREATMENT LITERATURECONTINU
ED
- PUNITIVE SANCTIONS DO NOT HAVE A SIGNIFICANT
EFFECT ON REOFFENDING
7CONCLUSIONS FROM THE TREATMENT LITERATURECONTINU
ED
- APPROPRIATE TREATMENT SERVICES, DELIVERED WITH
INTEGRITY, CAN BE EFFECTIVE IN REDUCING CRIMINAL
ACTIVITY
8CONCLUSIONS FROM THE TREATMENT LITERATURECONTINU
ED
- APPROPRIATE TREATMENT SERVICES, DELIVERED WITH
INTEGRITY, CAN BE COST EFFECTIVE, PARTICULARLY IN
COMPARISON WITH PUNITIVE SANCTIONS
9KEY CONCEPTS FROM THE RISK/NEED MODEL
- CRIMINOGENIC RISK
- CRIMINOGENIC NEED
- RESPONSIVITY
10CRIMINOGENIC RISK FACTORS
- FACTORS WITHIN THE INDIVIDUAL OR HIS/HER
ENVIRONMENT ASSOCIATED WITH CRIMINAL ACTIVITY.
11MAJOR RISK FACTORS
- HISTORY OF CRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR/CONDUCT DISORDER
- ATTITUDES, VALUES, BELIEFS SUPPORTIVE OF CRIME
- DYSFUNCTIONAL PARENTING
- ANTISOCIAL PEER ASSOCIATIONS
- DYSFUNCTIONAL PERSONALITY/ BEHAVIOUR TRAITS
- POOR EDUCATIONAL/VOCATIONAL SKILLS
- SUBSTANCE ABUSE
- POOR USE OF LEISURE TIME
12OTHER RISK FACTORS
- PROBLEMS IN THE FAMILY OF ORIGIN CRIMINALITY,
MENTAL DISORDER, ABUSE - INADEQUATE ACCOMMODATIONS
- ECONOMIC DISADVANTAGE
- DYSFUNCTIONAL NEIGHGBOURHOOD ENVIRONMENT
13CRIMINOGENIC NEED FACTORS
- RISK FACTORS THAT CAN BE CHANGED AND, IF CHANGED,
REDUCE THE CHANCES OF FUTURE CRIMINAL ACTIVITY.
14MAJOR NEED FACTORS
- ATTITUDES, VALUES, AND BELIEFS SUPPORTIVE OF
CRIME - DYSFUNCTIONAL PARENTING
- ANTISOCIAL PEER ASSOCIATIONS
- DYSFUNCTIONAL PERSONALITY BEHAVIOUR TRAITS
- POOR ACADEMIC SKILLS PERFORMANCE
- SUBSTANCE ABUSE
- POOR USE OF LEISURE TIME
15RESPONSIVITY FACTORS
-
- FACTORS WITHIN THE INDIVIDUAL OR HIS OR HER
SITUATION THAT, WHILE NOT DIRECTLY RELATED TO
CRIMINAL ACTIVITY, SHOULD BE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT
IN CASE PLANNING. INCLUDES STRENGTH FACTORS
16RESEARCH AND CLINICALLY-BASED PRINCIPLES OF BEST
PRACTICE
- BASED ON VALID ASSESSMENTS OF RISK, NEED, AND
RESPONSIVITY - LEVEL OF SERVICE DETERMINED BY RISK LEVEL OF THE
CLIENT - TREATMENTS TARGET SPECIFIC NEEDS AND TAKE ACCOUNT
OF RESPONSIVITY FACTORS
17RESEARCH AND CLINICALLY-BASED PRINCIPLES OF BEST
PRACTICE(CONTINUED)
- TREATMENTS ARE DELIVERED IN THE COMMUNITY SETTING
WHERE FEASIBLE - WHERE INSTITUTIONALIZION IS NECESSARY, NEEDED
SERVICES ARE PROVIDED
18RESEARCH AND CLINICALLY-BASED PRINCIPLES OF BEST
PRACTICE(CONTINUED)
- TREATMENTS ARE STRUCTURED AND FOCUS ON CONCRETE
BEHAVIOURAL GOALS - TREATMENTS ARE MULTIMODAL - ADDRESS ALL AREAS OF
NEED
19RESEARCH AND CLINICALLY-BASED PRINCIPLES OF BEST
PRACTICE(CONTINUED)
- TREATMENT GOALS ARE REALISTIC AND ATTAINABLE
- INDIVIDUALS DELIVERING TREATMENT ARE SELECTED
WITH CARE AND PROVIDED MEANINGFUL SUPPORT
20RESEARCH AND CLINICALLY-BASED PRINCIPLES OF BEST
PRACTICE(CONTINUED)
- AGENCY HAS CLEAR GUIDELINES REGARDING TREATMENT
OF CLIENTS - STAFF TAKE CARE TO INSURE THAT THEY REPRESENT
PROSOCIAL MODELS
21RESEARCH AND CLINICALLY-BASED PRINCIPLES OF BEST
PRACTICE(CONTINUED)
- AFTERCARE SERVICES ARE PROVIDED FOLLOWING
INSTITUTIONAL TREATMENT - PROGRAM DELIVERY IMPACT IS CAREFULLY MONITORED
22CONCLUDING STATEMENT
- OUR IMMEDIATE GOAL IS TO ADDRESS ISSUES
PRESENTED BY THE JUVENILE OFFENDER. OUR ULTIMATE
GOAL, THOUGH, SHOULD BE TO CREATE CONDITIONS FOR
YOUTH TO DEVELOP INTO HEALTHY, MATURE, AND
PRODUCTIVE MEMBERS OF SOCIETY. THE POTENTIAL
PROFITS FROM THIS COMMITMENT ARE IMMENSE.