CHILD-CARE STRUCTURE?PROCESS?OUTCOME: Direct and Indirect Effects of Child-Care Quality on Young Children

1
CHILD-CARE STRUCTURE?PROCESS?OUTCOMEDirect
and Indirect Effects of Child-Care Quality on
Young Childrens Development
NICHD Early Child Care Research Network
2
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???? ???? ????? ?????? ???????.
- ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????, ??????
??????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????, ?????
??????????? (??????, Clarke-Stewart Allhusen,
2002).

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  ?????? (???? ???? ?????? ??????, ???? ??? ????
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  ???') ???????? ???????? (???? ????? ??????????
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• ?????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ??
  ??????? ????, ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ????????
  ????? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? (Friedman
  Amadeo, 1999).

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??????. ?? ????, ?? ??? ???? ?? ????-???, ??????
????? ????, ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?????,
?????? ??????????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????
(Phillips, Mekos, Scarr, McCartney,
Abbott-Shim, 2001).
4
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• - ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????
  ??????, ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????, ??????
  ????.
• - ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??,
  ??? ????? ?- SEM (???? ?????? ??????? ??????).

- ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? 54 ??????, ???
????? ?? ???? ?????? ???- ????? ????-???, ?????
?????? ????? ?????? ??-??? ???? ?????.
5


???? 1
Family Structure
Family Process
Child Outcome
Child Care Structure
Child Care Process
???? 1 ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ????
??-?? ????? ???? ??
- ???????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????
??????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??????
???-?????, ??? ?????? ???? (????? ???? ????
?????????? ????????, ????? ???????? ????????).
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???-?????, ???????? ????????? ?????? ??????
???-????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????.
- ????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? (??????)
???????? ??????-gt ?????????-gt ?????? ???? ????
?????.
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?????? ???????? ????????,???? ????? ?????.
6
?????
????? ?????
????? ???? ???? 813 ?????, ??? ??? 10 ????
??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??-????? ???? 54
??????, ???? 6 ?????? ????? (???? ????? ?????
????? ?? ??? 656 ?- 789 ??? ?????? ?????).
??????? ???????? ?- 10 ?????? ????? ?????
?????-?????, ????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ??????
??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? (????,
???????, ??? ?? ???).
7
??? ?????
????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????
???-????? ??? Observational Ratings of the
Caregiving Environment (ORCE) ???? ????? ?????
??????? ????? ?????? ???-????? ????. ????? ?????
???? 54 ?????? ?????? 8 ???????? ????? 4 ???????
?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? (?????? ??????
??-?????, ?????, ????? ?? ???????? ??????????? ??
???? ?????????). 4 ??????? ?????? ?????? (?? ???,
?????, ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????).

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• ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??
• ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?????
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  (0- ???, 1- ?????, 2- ????? ??"? ??????/
  ????????, 3- ????? ??????????, 4- ???? ?????, 5-
  ???? ???, 6- ??????).
• ??? ????? ???? ????-??? ???? ????? ??-?? ?????
  ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????.

8

• ??? ??????
• ???? ??-?? ??? ?????
• ???? ????? ???
• ????? ???????

• ????? ?????? ??????
• ????? ??-?? ???? ??????
• ????? ?? ??????????? ???? ????? (?????? 6, 15,
  24, 36 ?- 54 ??????) ????? ????? ??????? ???????
  (???? ?????? ?????? ??-?????, ???????? ??????,
  ????????, ?????? ?????).
• ????? Home Observation for Measurement of the
  Environment (HOME, Caldwell Bradley, 1984,
  ?????? 6, 15, 36 ?- 54 ??????) ????? ????? ?????
  ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???? ?????
  ???????.
• ????? ?????? ?????? (???? ????) ????? ?????
  ????? ?????? ????? ?????? (Schaefer Edgerton,
  1985).

9

• ????? ?????????? ?? ????
• ????? ??-?? 7 ???? ????? ??????? ?????
• ???? ????? ?????????? ????? ????? ???????
  ??????? (Woodcock Johnson, 1989)
• ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? (Woodcock
  Johnson, 1989)
• ???? ??? ???? ???-???? ????? ??????? ????? ???
  (Zimmerman, Steiner, Pond, 1992)
• ???? ??????? ????? CPT Continuous Performance
  Task)) ?????? ??? ?????
• (Rosvold, Mirsky, Sarason, Bransome, Beck,
  1956)

????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? Child
Behavior Checklist (Achenbach, 1991) ?????? ?????
????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??????????
???????? ?? ????. ??????? California Preschool
Social Competence Scale
(Levine, Elzey, Lewis, 1969) ???????? Social
Skills Rating System (Gresham Elliott, 1990)
10
??????
?????? ????? ??????? ??-?? SEM (Structural
Equation Models)

• ???? ?????? ?????? ???????.
• ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????
  ?????? ???-????? (1) ????? ?????, (2) ??? ?????
  ????-????, ???? ?????? ????? ???? (1) ?????
  ??????????, (2) ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??-?? ??????
  ???, (3) ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??-?? ??????
  ??????.

- ?????, ????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ???, ?????
???????, ????? ????? (???? ???? ???? ??"? ??????
??????), ????? ??-????? (????? ?? ????????
????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????, ?????,
????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????????
???????????).
11
(No Transcript)
12
- ???? ?????? ???-???? ????? ????? ?????? ????
??????? ?????? ???????-gt ??????? ??????
?????????-gt ?????? ???? (????? ?????? ?????).
13
?????? - ????
????? ??????????
- ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????????? ??
???? (??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????/ ???
???? ????) ?????? ??????? ?-738 ?????.
- ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???????, ?? ??????
????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????-???. ????
????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????. -
????? ?????? ?????? (SRMR, RMSEA, GFI) ?????? ??
????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????-???.
14
?????? - ????

• ???? a2- ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????
  ????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ?? ????

15
?????? - ????

• ???? b2- ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????
  ?????? ????-??? ??? ?????? ??????????? ?? ????

16
?????? - ????
????? ??????????- ????
- ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????
??-????? (??????? ????????).
- ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??-????? (???????
????????) ????? ?????? ?????? ????.

• ???? ???? ????? ????? ?'????? ?????' (????)
  ?'????? ??-?????' (??????) (beta .17),
• ??? ?'??? ????-???' ?'????? ??-?????' (beta
  -.10).

- ???? ???? ????? ?'????? ??-?????' ?'?????
??????????' (beta .10).
- ???? ???? ???? ????? (????) ??? '????? ?????'
?'????? ??????????' (beta .46).
- ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?'????? ?????', beta
.071, t(75) 2.29, plt.05, ??'??? ????-???',
beta -.017, t(75) -1.81, plt.05, ?'?????
??????????', ???? ?? ?????? ?"? '????? ??-?????'
(??????? ????????).
17
?????? - ????
????? ??????????- ????

• 3 ?????? ?? ?????? (???? 6 ?????? ?? ??????)
  ???????? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????
  ????-??? ????? ???????
• ???? '????? ?????' ????? ?'????? ?????' ???
  '????? ??-?????' (????????) ??????? ???????????.
• ???? '??? ????-???' ????? ?'????? ?????' ???
  '????? ??-?????' (????????) ??????? ???????????,
• ????? ?'????? ???????' ??? '????? ?????' ?'?????
  ??-?????' ?'?????? ???????????'.

18
?????? - ????
????? ?????? ??-?? ?????? ??????
- ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ?????
????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??-?? ??????
??????.
- ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????
??-?? ?????? ?????? (??? ???? ????? ???? ???
????? ?????/ ??? ???? ????) ?????? ??????? ?-656
?????.
- ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???????, ?? ??????
????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????-???. ????
????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????. -
????? ?????? ?????? (SRMR, RMSEA, GFI) ?????? ??
????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????-???.
19
?????? - ????

• ???? a3- ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????
  ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????

20
?????? - ????

• ???? b3- ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????
  ?????? ????-??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????

21
?????? - ????
????? ?????? ??-?? ?????? ??????- ????
- '????? ?????' (beta .19) ?'??? ????-???'
(beta -.10) ????? ????? ????? ?'????? ??-?????'
(????????). '????? ??-?????' ???? ?'????? ??????'
(beta .15).
- ????? ????? ?'????? ?????' ?'????? ??????' ???
???? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? (beta .20).
- ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?'?????
?????'beta .017, t(34) 2.73, plt .01, ??'???
????-???', beta -.004, t(34) 1.86, plt.05,
?'????? ???????' ??? ????? ?? '????? ?? ?????'.
- ???? ?? ???? (??? ????) ???? ??????? ?????????
???? ????? ?'????? ???????' ??? '????? ?????'
?'????? ??-?????' (????????) ?'????? ??????',
beta .001, t(75) 1.62, plt.05.
22
?????? - ????
????? ?????? ??-?? ?????? ???????
- ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????
??-?? ?????? ??????? (??? ???? ????? ???? ???
????? ?????/ ??? ???? ????) ?????? ??????? ?-789
?????.
- ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???????, ?? ??????
????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????-???. ????
????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????. -
????? ?????? ?????? (SRMR, RMSEA, GFI) ?????? ??
????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????-???.
- ??????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? '?????
??-?????' (????????) ???? '????? ????', ?? ?? ??
????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????.
23
????
- ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???
??????? ?????? ?????? ??????, ??? ???????
????????, ?????? ????. ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??????
????? ???? ?? ???? (?????) ??.
- ?????? ?-SEM ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????
??????? ????.
?????? ??????? (1) ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??
????? ??????????, ????? ???? (????) ?? ?????
?????? ??? ?????? ?"? ?????? (???? ?? ???? ?????
?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????, ??? ??????
?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????).
- ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??
??????, ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????, ??
?????? ???????????, ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ??
?????? ???????.
(2) ???? ??? ??? '????? ??-?????' (???????
????????) ???? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ????.
24
????- ????

• (3) ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? (????,
  ????? ??? ???? (??????) ????????? ???????-gt
  ???????? ?????????-gt ?????? ????) ????? ??????.
• ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??
  ???? ??.
• ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????
  ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???????????? ????? ????
  ??? ?????? ????????, ??? ??? ????? ???? ??
  ????-??? ????? ????? ???????????.

- ???-
25
???? ??? ?????, ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???,
?????? ????? ??-?????, ???? ?????? ??????????? ??
???? (????? ????, ???, ?????? ?????? ??????)
26
???? ??? ?????, ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???,
?????? ????? ??-?????, ???? ?????? ??????????? ??
???? (????? ????, ???, ?????? ?????? ??????)
????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? "?????
??????" (Path Analysis)
Child care quality
Family variables
Child outcomes
Amount of time
Child variables
Type of care
27
(No Transcript)