World History/Cultures Chapter 11 The French Revolution Section 1 The Old Order

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World History/CulturesChapter 11 The French
Revolution Section 1 The Old Order
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• Terms/Name
• Estate One of three social classes in France
  during the 1700s. First Estate- Roman Catholic
  clergy Second Estate- Nobility Third Estate-
  Commoners. Orders of society determined a
  persons legal rights/status.
• Tithe 10 tax on income from each church member
  paid to the clergy.
• Bourgeoisie Middle class between aristocrats
  workers. The Third Estate.

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• Terms/Name cont
• King Louis XVI 19 year old grandson of Louis
  XV. Upon grandfathers death, became king in
  1774. Wife- Marie Antoinette. Government
  Cost-cutting measures. Began taxing nobility
  clergy. Both groups refused to be taxed. King
  summoned Estates-General to Versailles in May
  1789. Hoped to gain agreement for tax.
• Monarchy controlled France, a rich powerful
  country. Only a few wealthy. Majority- poor, had
  few rights wanted a better life. American
  Revolution sparked their wanting change.

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King Louis XVI
Marie Antoinette
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• Divisions of French Society
• People were grouped into one of three estates,
  orders of society. Third Estate members resented
  First Second Estates.

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• First Estate
• Clergy, 1 of population. Higher lower clergy.
• Did not pay taxes.
• Higher clergy controlled 5-10 of land. Grand
  lifestyles supported by tithes.
• Lower clergy- poor backgrounds ran schools
  parishes.

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• Second Estate
• Nobility 2 of population owned 25 of land.
• Grand lifestyles.
• High posts in government military.
• Main income from feudal dues from peasants who
  lived worked on their land.

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• Third Estate
• 97 of population peasants, artisans members
  of bourgeoisie (middle class).
• Few political rights/privileges.
• Read Enlightment works- freedom/social justice.
• Peasants owned 40 of land. Poor- had to pay
  tithes, feudal dues, fines land tax.

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• Growing Unrest
• Third Estate demanded change due to high cost of
  living desire for more political power.
• Second Estate- nobility wanted more political
  influence resented monarchy.
• Government financial problems- debts from wars
  extravagant lifestyle of Louis XV.
• 1774- King Louis XVI in power deals with
  financial crisis. Taxed nobility clergy-
  refused to pay taxes.
• 1786- Banks refused to lend money to government.
  Crop failures in 1788-89 caused bread shortages.
• King Louis XVI called for Estates-General to meet.

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• Meeting of Estates-General
• King Louis XVI hoped First Second Estates would
  agree to be taxed.
• Second Estate wanted to protect privileges gain
  control of government. First Estate wanted to
  control Third Estate.
• Third Estate refused plan of First Second
  Estate. Called for joint meeting with each estate
  voting individually.
• King demanded estates meet separately. Third
  Estate refused and locked out of Estates-General.

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• Meeting of Estates-General cont
• Third Estate renamed the National Assembly and
  met at an indoor tennis court with deputies from
  First Second Estates who supported them.
• National Assembly took the Tennis Court Oath.
  Promised not to disband until they wrote a
  constitution for France.
• King ordered First Second Estates to join Third
  Estates National Assembly.

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• Revolt
• National Assembly delegates expressed dismay with
  rigid French social order government. Third
  Estate wanted social equality. Rebellion ideas
  spread.
• King gathered more troops at palace in
  Versailles.
• Fearing king wanted to dissolve National Assembly
  stop reforms, focused on Bastille, the French
  prison.

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Bastille
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• Events Lead to Revolution
• Bastille represented injustices of monarchy.
• July 14, 1789 Mob surrounded Bastille to steal
  weapons defend National Assembly.
• Mob freed 7 prisoners. 98 rioters killed. Prison
  commander several soldiers killed.
• Outbreak led to formation of revolutionary
  government in Paris.
• Bastilles storming led to the Great Fear-
  violence. Hearing rumors, peasants feared losing
  land armed themselves.
• Peasants anxiety grew turned to violence.
  Drove landlords off property refused to pay
  feudal dues. Broke into manors robbed
  granaries. First wave of French Revolution.

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The Great Fear