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The French

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Title: The French


1
The French Indian War
AND
The Imperial Crisis
2
North America in 1750
3
The War for Empire in North America, 17541763
The Seven Years War in America (also known as
the French and Indian War) was fought in three
principal areas Nova Scotia and what was then
Acadia, the frontier between New France and New
York, and the upper Ohio Rivergateway to the Old
Northwest.
4
1754 ? The First Clash
The Ohio Valley
British
French
Fort Necessity Fort
Duquesne George Washington
Delaware Shawnee
Indians
5
1754 ? Albany Plan of Union
Ben Franklin ? representatives from
New England, NY, MD, PA
  • Albany Congress ? failed Iroquois
    broke off relations with
    Britain threatened to
    trade with the French.

6
1755 ? Br. Decides to Eliminate Fr. Presence in
No. Amer.
Gen. Edward Braddock ? evict the French from the
OH Valley Canada (Newfoundland Nova Scotia)
  • Attacks OH Valley, Mohawk Valley, Acadia.
  • Defeated 10 mi. from Ft. Duquesne ? by 1,500
    French and Indian forces.

7
1756 ? War Is Formally Declared!
Lord Loudoun
Marquis de Montcalm
Native American tribes exploited both sides!
8
British-American Colonial Tensions Begin
British
Colonials
  • March in formation or bayonet charge.
  • Indian-style guerilla tactics.

Methods ofFighting
  • Br. officers wanted to take charge of
    colonials.
  • Col. militias served under own captains.

MilitaryOrganization
  • Drills tough discipline.
  • No mil. deference or protocols observed.

MilitaryDiscipline
  • Colonists should pay for their own defense.
  • Resistance to rising taxes.

Finances
  • Prima Donna Br. officers with servants
    tea settings.
  • Casual, non-professionals.

Demeanor
9
1757 ? William Pitt Becomes Foreign Minister
  • He understood colonial concerns.
  • He offered them a compromise

- col. loyalty mil. cooperation--gtBr.
would reimburse col. assemblies for their
costs.
- Lord Loudoun would be removed.
RESULTS? ? Colonial morale
increased by 1758.
10
1758-1761 ? The Tide Turns for England
By 1761, Sp. has become an ally of Fr.
11
1763 ? Treaty of Paris
France --gt lost her Canadian possessions, most of
her empire in India, and claims to lands east of
the Mississippi River.
Spain --gt got all French lands west of the
Mississippi River, New Orleans, but lost Florida
to England.
England --gt got all French lands in Canada,
exclusive rights to Caribbean slave trade, and
commercial dominance in India.
12
North America in 1763
13
Before After
14
Effects of the War on Britain?
1. It increased her colonial empire in the
Americas.
2. It greatly enlarged Englands debt.
3. Britains contempt for the colonials
created bitter feelings.
Therefore, England felt that amajor
reorganization of her American Empire was
necessary!
15
Effects of the War on the American Colonials
1. It united them against a common enemy for
the first time.
2. It created a socializing experience for all
the colonials who participated.
  1. It created bitter feelings towards the British
    that would only intensify.
  2. Emerged with increased confidence in their
    military strength.
  3. Strengthened sense of identity spirit of
    nationalism (American)

16
The Aftermath Tensions Along the Frontier
1763 ? Pontiacs Rebellion
Fort Detroit
British gifts of smallpox-infected blankets
from Fort Pitt.
17
Pontiacs Rebellion (1763)
18
BACKLASH! British Response to the Pontiac
Rebellion
British ? Proclamation of 1763.
Colonials ? Paxton Boys (PA)
19
Was 1763 a "turning point" in
British-colonial relations??? The Imperial
Crisis Begins
20
Rethinking Their Empire
Br. Gvt. measures to prevent smuggling
  • 1761 ? writs of assistance
  • James Otis case
  • Protection of a citizens private property must
    be held in higher regard than a parliamentary
    statute.
  • He lost ? parliamentary law and custom had
    equalweight.

21
Colonial Press Colonial Reaction
  • Peter Zenger Trial (1735)
  • Indicted for seditious libel
  • Case provided precedent for future freedom of the
    press
  • Lack of support
    from crown
  • Before the Zenger case
    few editors dared to

    challenge the
    government.

22
George Grenvilles Program, 1763-1765
1. Sugar Act - 1764
2. Currency Act - 1764
3. Quartering Act - 1765
4. Stamp Act - 1765
No Taxation Without Representation James Otis
Jr.
23
Theories of Representation
Q-gt What was the extent of Parliaments
authority over the colonies??
OR Limited?
Absolute?
Q-gt How could the colonies give or
withhold consent for parliamentary
legislation when they did not have
representation in that body??
Virtual vs. Actual Representation Internal v.
External Taxation
24
Stamp Act Crisis
VA Stamp Act Resolves
Loyal Nine - 1765
Sons of Liberty began in NYCSamuel

Adams
Stamp Act Congress 1765 Stamp Act
Repealed
Declaratory Act 1766
25
Demonstrations against the Stamp Act, 1765 From
Halifax in the North to Savannah in the South,
popular demonstrations against the Stamp Act
forced the resignation of British tax officials.
The propaganda of 1765 even reached the breakfast
table, inscribed on teapots.
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