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Today is a great day

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Today is a great day to learn about your BRAIN!!! Growing New Brain Cells? Amygdala Two almond shaped structures Controls emotional responses such as fear and anger ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Today is a great day


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  • Today is a great day
  • to learn about your BRAIN!!!
  • Growing New Brain Cells?

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How do we know about the brain?Brain Scans
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Electroencephalogram (EEG)
  • Electrodes are placed on the scalp that amplify
    recordings of the waves of electrical activity
    across the brains surface

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Computed Tomography (CT or CAT Scan)
  • A series of X-ray photographs taken from
    different angles and combined by computer into a
    composite representation of the brain

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Position Emission Tomography (PET Scan)
  • A visual display of brain activity that detects
    where a radioactive form of glucose goes while
    the brain performs a given task
  • Language Development and PET Scans

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
  • A technique that uses magnetic fields and radio
    waves to produce computer-generated images that
    allow us to see structures within the brain

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  • Accidents
  • Case study analysis of victims who suffer from a
    brain injury, resulting in variations in normal
    behavior
  • Phineas Gage

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Lesions
  • Lesioning is the removal or destruction of part
    of the brain.
  • IE. Lobotomy

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Parts of the Brain
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Cerebral Cortex
  • The bodys ultimate control and information
    processing center
  • Covers the brains lower level structures
  • Contains an estimated 30 billion nerve cells
  • Divided into two hemispheres and four lobes,
    connected by a thick band of nerve fibers called
    the corpus callosum

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Top View of the Right and Left HemispheresHemisph
eres of the BrainBorn With Only Half of a Brain
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Right Side - Left Side
  • The right side of the brain controls muscles on
    the left side of the body
  • The left side of the brain controls muscles on
    the right side of the body.
  • Damage to one side of the brain will affect the
    opposite side of the body.

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Hemispheric Differences
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Hemispheric Differences
  • Both sides continually communicate via the corpus
    callosum.

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Hemispheric Differences Language and Spatial
Abilities
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The Brains Left Hemisphere
  • Language
  • Math
  • Logic
  • Analytic Thought
  • Scientific Thought
  • Reasoning

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The Brains Right Hemisphere
  • Spatial abilities
  • Face recognition
  • Visual imagery
  • Music
  • Creativity
  • Emotional Instincts

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Side View of the Left Hemisphere
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Right and Left Frontal Lobes
  • The portion of the cerebral cortex lying just
    behind the forehead
  • Mostly involved in abstract thought, speaking,
    muscle movements, making plans, and judgments
  • The Frontal Lobes
  • Where is Morality?
  • Pre-Frontal Lobe Development of Children

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  • The motor cortex controls voluntary movements

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  • The motor cortex receives messages from the rest
    of the brain and then sends messages back to the
    muscles of the body in order to control voluntary
    movements.

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Right and Left Parietal Lobes
  • Regions available for general processing,
    including mathematical reasoning
  • The parietal lobes play important roles in
    integrating sensory touch information, and in the
    handling and manipulation of objects.
  • Sensory Motor Integration

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  • The sensory cortex registers and processes touch
    sensations.

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Right and Left Occipital Lobes
  • The primary visual processing area
  • Located in the back of the head

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Right and Left Temporal Lobes
  • Includes the auditory cortex where sound
    information is processed
  • Located roughly above the ears

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  • The Inner Brain

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Cerebellum
  • Latin for the little brain
  • Located in the rear of the brain
  • Helps coordinate voluntary movements and balance
  • If damaged, the person could perform basic
    movements but would lose fine coordination skills.

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Brainstem
  • The oldest part of the brain
  • The Midbrain
  • Pons
  • Medulla
  • Is responsible for automatic survival functions
  • Located where the spinal cord swells and the
    brain just begins

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Midbrain
  • The MIDBRAIN is also responsible for behaviors
    associated with hearing and sight
  • Pupil dilation and eyeball movement

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PONS
  • The PONS is responsible for helping to regulate
    breathing, to help with sleep and wake cycles,
    and controls facial expressions

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Medulla
  • The base of the brainstem
  • Controls life-supporting functions like heartbeat
    and breathing
  • Damage to this area can lead to death.

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Thalamus
  • Sits atop the brainstem
  • The brains sensory switchboard receives input
    and directs messages to the sensory processing
    areas in the cortex

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Limbic System
  • A ring of structures around the thalamus at the
    border of the brainstem and cerebral cortex
  • Includes
  • Hypothalamus
  • Hippocampus
  • Amygdala

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Hypothalamus
  • Located directly under the front of the thalamus
  • Regulates eating, drinking, body temperature, and
    the fight or flight reactions to stress
  • Plays a role in emotions, pleasure, and sexual
    function

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Hippocampus
  • Wraps around the back of the thalamus
  • Plays a role in processing new memories for
    permanent storage
  • Looks something like a seahorse
  • Hippo is Greek for horse.

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Amygdala
  • Two almond shaped structures
  • Controls emotional responses such as fear and
    anger

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Brain Plasticity
  • Module 8 The Brain

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Plasticity
  • The ability of the brain tissue to take on new
    functions
  • Greatest in childhood
  • Important if parts of the brain are damaged or
    destroyed

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The Brain
  • Basic Brain Functions
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