Layers of the Atmosphere

1
Layers of the Atmosphere
2
Atmospheric Layers

• The atmosphere can be divided into five layers
  with transitional regions between most.
• Each layer possesses individual characteristics,
  the most important differences are in temperature
  and air pressure.

3
Atmospheric Layers

• The five distinct layers are
• Troposhere
• Stratosphere
• Mesophere
• Ionosphere (thermosphere)
• Magnetosphere

4
Troposphere

• The layer directly above the Earths surface.
• This layer is where all of the Earths weather
  occurs.
• Air currents and the friction caused by the
  Earths rotation make currents in the troposphere
  the roughest of all layers.
• Located from the Earths surface up to
  approximately 10 km.

5
Tropopause

• The transitional layer that separates the
  troposphere and the stratosphere.
• It ranges from 16 km at the equator to only about
  9 km at the poles.
• The temperature stops falling and stabilizes at
  approximately -55 C.

6
Stratosphere

• This layer contains
• The jet stream Affects the movement of storms
  in the troposphere.
• The ozone layer Filters out harmful solar rays.

7
Stratosphere

• Vertical air movement is minimal but there are
  horizontal currents (jet stream).
• Studying jet streams helps to determine daily
  temperatures and precipitation.

8
Stratopause

• The transition zone between the stratosphere and
  the Mesosphere.
• Temperature stops increasing and thins out with
  altitude.
• This layer is the beginning of the outer
  atmosphere.

9
Mesosphere

• The temperature drops steadily until it reaches
  about -100 C.
• In the Mesopause (transition zone) the
  temperature stabilizes and rises once again.

10
Ionosphere

• The widest layer ranging from 80 to 480 km.
• The is very little air at this level. Air
  temperature increases.
• As electrons and ions are created in the
  ionosphere radiant energy is converted into
  thermal energy.

11
Magnetosphere

• This layer sometimes traps solar wind.
• Solar wind results when magnetic storms on the
  sun send streams of radioactive particles towards
  Earth.
• The rotation of the Earth makes the planet behave
  like a magnet. The charged particles from the
  sun align themselves with the North and South
  poles, forming streaks of light in the sky.

12
Magnetopause

• This layer forms a sharp divide between the
  atmosphere and space.
• Unlike the other layers the magnetopause does not
  form a symmetrical layer around the Earth, it is
  shaped like a tear drop.

13
Whats the Diff?

• There are 3 main differences between Plants and
  Animal cells
• Cell Wall
• Chloroplasts
• Vacuole

14
Cell Wall

• The Cell wall is a fibrous wall that provides
  structure and support for the plant cell.
• The cell wall is made up of a material called
  cellulose.

15
Chloroplasts

• The Chloroplasts are the organelles that allow
  plant cells to make their own food through the
  process of photosynthesis.

16
Vacuoles

• Both plant and animal cells have vacuoles.
• Vacuoles are much larger in plant cells because
  plant cells need to be able to store more water
  than animal cells.