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Title: Constructing Classical Greece:


1
Constructing Classical Greece
  • From City-States to
  • Alex the Great

2
The First Greeks
  • Minoans pass along their culture to
    the Mycenaeans
  • 1. The value of seaborne trade
  • 2. A writing system
  • 3. Artistic designs
  • 4. Religious practices
  • Mycenaean Kings dominate Greece from 1600 B.C. to
    1100 B.C.
  • What is the importance of these two early Greek
    civilizations?

3
The Geography of Greece
  • Peninsula
  • Land surrounded by water on 3 sides
  • Makes sea travel necessary for trade
  • Mountains
  • Cover 75 of Greece
  • Naturally divide land into city-states
  • Climate
  • Temperatures range from 48F to 80F
  • Encourages an active, outdoor lifestyle

4
Rule in Greek City-States
  • Monarchy Rule by a king or queen
  • Aristocracy Rule by a small group of rich people
  • Oligarchy Rule by a few powerful people
  • Tyrants Leaders who work for the ordinary
    citizen different than today!
  • Democracy Leader chosen by majority vote

5
Athens
  • Develops as a Democracy - citizens participate in
    the decision-making for the city-state
  • Promotes learning reading, grammar, poetry,
    history, mathematics, music, public speaking and
    athletics
  • Values Intelligence, individuality, freedom and
    beauty

6
Sparta
  • Governed as a military state
  • Requires military training for boys starting at
    age 7 and ending at age 30
  • Values Duty, strength, discipline, not the
    individual

7
What were the Persian Wars?
  • A land dispute that triggered war between Greece
    and the Persian Empire

8
Persian Empire
9
Battle of Marathon
  • Persians and Athenians (Greeks) meet at
    Marathon
  • The Athenians use the phalanx to destroy Persian
    forces
  • 200 Athenians die
  • 6000 Persians die
  • Athenian soldier, Pheidippides, is sent running
    to Athens to share the news

10
Battle of Thermopylae
  • 7000 Greeks wait to fight the Persian army at a
    mountain pass called Thermopylae
    http//www.youtube.com/watch?v7RQm37K-clg
  • Greek forces retreat leaving 300 Spartan soldiers
    to fight the Persiansto the death
  • As a result, Athenian soldiers prepare to fight
    the Persians in the next battle

11
(No Transcript)
12
Battle of Salamis
  • Athenians leave their city to fight at sea
  • Set-up their fleet (boats) in a narrow channel
    next to the island of Salamis
  • Persian ships are too big to move quickly in the
    narrow channel
  • Athenians destroy one-third of the Persian fleet
  • The loss causes Persians to remain on the
    defensive

13
Battle of Salamis
14
Delian League
15
Delian League
  • After the Greeks' unexpected victory against the
    Persians, the Athenians felt that the victory was
    due to the unity of the Greeks and the leadership
    of the Athenians.
  • The Athenians would have the other city-states
    join them in a union known as the Delian League.

16
Delian League
  • An alliance (partnership) between Greek
    city-states to work together to defeat the
    Persians
  • The alliance forces Persians out of Greece and
    all surrounding territories
  • After the Persian wars, Athens gains power and
    becomes the leader of the Delian League

17
Pericles Rules Athens
  • Pericles 3 Goals
  • Strengthen Democracy
  • Strengthen the Empire
  • Glorify Athens through art and architecture
  • This leads to the start of Greeces Golden Age

18
The Parthenon
19
Soldier Field
Chicago, Illinois
20
Athenians Get Greedy
  • Strong democracy in Athens leads to nationalism
    (people want to fight for their home because its
    the BEST!)
  • Athens begins to gain strength by conquering
    other city-states and taking control of others
    ports to prevent trade
  • Athenians want their city-state to become a
    military, economic and cultural power

21
Sparta Steps In
  • The city-state of Sparta believes it is their
    duty to stop Athens from gaining too much power
    so they go to war
  • The Peloponnesian War The war between Athens and
    Sparta for control of the Greek peninsula

22
Results of the Peloponnesian War
  • Sparta WINS!
  • Causes the people of Athens to lose trust in
    Democracy
  • Philosophers challenge people to think about
    their actions
  • Famous Greek Philosophers Socrates, Plato,
    and Aristotle

23
  • Who is Alexander and Why is He Great?

24
The Greatness Begins
  • King Philip II of Macedonia (country just north
    of Greece) defeats Greece
  • Philip wants to defeat the Persians next but dies
    before he gets the chance
  • Philips son, Alexander, takes power and conquers
    Persia - in memory of his dad
  • This frees Egypt from Persian control
  • Establishes the city of Alexandria at the mouth
    of the Nile River in Egypt

25
Alexander Moves East
  • Goal To conquer the entire Asian continent
  • Gets as far as India
  • Defeats the Indians, but his troops want to go
    home
  • Alexander agrees and decides to return home to
    unify his empire and then conquer the continent
  • Dies a few days later June 10, 323 B.C.

26
Alexanders Legacy
  • His victories brought together Eastern (Asian)
    and Greek cultures to form Hellenistic Culture
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