Poverty and Social Impact Analysis of Reforms:

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Poverty and Social Impact Analysis of Reforms:

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Title: Poverty and Social Impact Analysis of Reforms:

1

Poverty and Social Impact Analysis of Reforms
Poverty and Social Impact Analysis (PSIA) is an
approach used increasingly by governments, civil
society organizations, the World Bank, and other
development partners to examine the
distributional impacts of policy reforms on the
well-being of different stakeholders groups,
particularly the poor and vulnerable. PSIA has an
important role in the elaboration and
implementation of poverty reduction strategies in
developing countries because it promotes
evidence-based policy choices and fosters debate
on policy reform options. Poverty and Social
Impact Analysis of Reforms presents a collection
of case studies that illustrate the spectrum of
sectors and policy reforms to which PSIA can be
applied it also elaborates on the broad range of
analytical tools and techniques that can be used
for PSIA.

Now available at the World Bank Public
Information Center/Poverty Reduction Strategy
Resource CenterHeritage Plaza I, 1st floor,
Kamaladi, KathmanduFor more informationE-mail
rshrestha1_at_worldbank.orgCall 4238545,
4249731Monday Friday, 900 am 500 pm
2

Technology Adaptation and Exports
The literature on technological change and growth
has mainly used econometric models to establish
that factors, such as the degree of openness,
skills, research and development expenditures,
number of patents etc., are critical determinants
of innovation and its effect on growth. However,
this approach fails to explain the role of
institutions and policies that created the
environment for innovation. Using 10 case studies
from developing countries, this book examines how
governments fostered technological adaptation
through public-private partnerships to develop
world-class exporters in high-growth,
non-traditional industries.

Reproductive Health The Missing Millennium
Development Goal
While women in developing countries continue to
die in large numbers in child birth, Population
and Reproductive Health specialists and advocates
around the world are struggling to keep the
policy agenda focused on the rights and needs of
poor women. The 1994 Cairo Conference and Program
of Action changed how we do business, and opened
many doors, but the agenda is not complete and
has stalled in a number of ways. At the country
level, governments and donors are making
difficult choices about how and where to allocate
scarce human and financial resources. Funding
approaches have moved away from the
implementation of narrowly directed health
programs to a broader approach of health system
development and reform. At the same time,
countries are also centering their development
agenda on the broad goal of poverty reduction.
This volume addresses a large knowledge and
capacity gap in the Reproductive Health community
and provides tools for key actors to empower
faster positive change. It is a synopsis of the
materials developed for WBI's learning program on
Achieving the Millennium Development Goals
Poverty Reduction, Reproductive Health and Health
Sector Reform. The volume brings together
knowledge about epidemiology, demography,
economics, and trends in global financial
assistance. The volume also introduces practical
tools such as benefit incidence analysis,
costing, and stakeholder analysis to strengthen
the evidence base for policy and to address the
political economy factors for reform.

Challenges of CAFTA Maximizing the Benefits for
Central America
The report provides a preliminary assessment of
DR-CAFTA, with particular attention to three key
themes (i) expected trade and non-trade
benefits, (ii) actions that Central American
countries need to pursue to capitalize optimally
on the new opportunities, and (iii)
identification of the population groups that may
require assistance to adapt to a more competitive
environment. The Introductory Chapter reviews the
main findings of the report. Chapter II places
DR-CAFTA in the historical context of the
economic reforms that Central America has been
undertaking since the late 1980s. Chapter III
provides a summary overview of the recently
negotiated DR-CAFTA. Chapter IV reviews various
analyses that assess the potential impacts of
DR-CAFTA in Central American countries. Chapter V
focuses on the identification of potentially
affected populations from the easing of trade
restrictions in sensitive agricultural products
and analyzes policy options to assist vulnerable
groups. Chapter VI reviews evidence related to
key macroeconomic implications of DR-CAFTA,
namely the potential revenue losses and effect on
the patterns of business-cycle synchronization.
Chapter VII reviews evidence from each Central
American country in the areas of trade
facilitation, institutional and regulatory
reforms, and innovation and education, in order
to identify key priorities for the complementary
agenda for DR-CAFTA.

AML/CFT Regulation Implications for Financial
Service Providers that Serve Low-Income People
Across the world, new measures are being
introduced and existing measures tightened to
combat money laundering and the financing of
terrorism. All financial service providers,
including those working with low-income
communities, are-or will-be affected by these
measures. This paper summarizes the implications
of the international framework for anti-money
laundering (AML) and combating the financing of
terrorism (CFT) for financial service providers
working with low-income people. The international
AML/CFT standards developed by the Financial
Action Task Force (FATF), generally requires
financial service providers to enhance their
internal controls to cater specifically for
AML/CFT risks undertake customer due diligence
procedures on all new and existing clients
introduce heightened surveillance of suspicious
transactions and keep transaction records for
future verification and report suspicious
transactions to national authorities. These
measures could bring additional costs of
compliance to financial service providers and
customer due diligence rules may restrict formal
financial services from reaching lower income
people. The introduction of new or tightened
AML/CFT regulations may have the unintended and
undesirable consequence of reducing the access of
low income people to formal financial services.
As a means to avoid this outcome, this paper
argues in favor of (1) gradual implementation of
new measures (2) the adoption of a risk-based
approach to regulation and (3) the use of
exemptions for low-risk categories of
transactions.

Anticorruption in Transition 3 Who is
Succeeding and Why?
The Anticorruption in Transition Series examines
patterns and trends in corruption in
business-government interactions in Eastern
Europe and Central Asia, and the progress
achieved by countries in addressing it. The
findings of this third volume, derived by a
large-scale survey undertaken in collaboration
with the European Bank for Reconstruction and
Development, indicate continued improvement in
many countries thanks to their reform efforts and
external/internal drivers of change.

Managing the Implementation of Development
Projects
This resource kit represents a milestone in the
discipline of development project implementation.
It contains practical learning materials based on
decades of use and refinement in on-site courses
in numerous developing countries throughout the
world. I recommend this resource kit without
reservation to teachers, consultants,
practitioners, contractors, vendors, and learners
from all cultures who want to improve the
management of international development
projects."

Pakistan An Evaluation of the World Banks
Assistance
This book analyzes the objectives and content of
the World Bank's assistance program during the
period 1994-2003, the economic and social
development outcomes in Pakistan, and the
contributions of the Bank to development
outcomes.

Improving Investment Climates An Evaluation of
World Bank Group Assistance
The quality of the investment climate (IC) varies
significantly across countries, regions, and
industries. The World Bank Group (WBG) needs to
customize interventions to country needs, using
local knowledge and expertise to build an
understanding of country-specific constraints and
opportunities. Institutions - the "rules of the
game" - are key to the quality of the investment
climate. World Bank Group strategies for
improving the IC have suffered from a lack of
knowledge about what types of institutional
arrangements will work in different environments.
The feasibility of reform depends on the
political economy of the reform process, and the
sustainability of reform hinges on broad
stakeholder support. The WBG needs to assess the
capacity and incentives facing public sector
organizations to implement reforms. The broad
nature of the IC as a topic and the need to work
with both the public and private sectors creates
organizational challenges for the WBG. Better use
of the comparative advantages of the Bank, IFC,
and MIGA would help the WBG deliver on its IC
agenda more effectively.

Hazards of Nature, Risks to Development An IEG
Evaluation of World Bank Assistance for Natural
Disaster
This report is the first assessment of World Bank
assistance for natural disasters, and one of the
most comprehensive reviews of disaster
preparedness and response ever conducted. The
World Bank is the largest funding agency of
disaster recovery and reconstruction in
developing countries. Since 1984, the Bank has
financed a total of 26 billion in disaster
activities. These more than 500 projects
represent almost 10 of all Bank loan commitments
during this period. Over 80 percent of Bank
disaster financing has addressed rapid onset
disasters -- floods, earthquakes, tropical storms
and fires. The report found that the Bank's
disaster projects performed better than the
Bank's portfolio as a whole. When disasters
struck, the Bank demonstrated flexibility in
managing small and large scale disaster
responses, and coordinated with other donors to
ensure rapid assistance. Within disaster
projects, the Bank did better at reconstructing
damaged infrastructure and housing than it did in
reducing vulnerabilities and addressing their
root causes. Moreover, in almost half of the
countries where the Bank was later called on to
finance disaster reconstruction projects,
disaster prevention did not play any role in the
overall development strategy for the country. The
report urges that disaster risk be built into
development planning from the start.

Explaining South Asias Development Success The
role of Good Policies
South Asia has performed well over the past 25
years in reducing poverty, improving human
development and increasing growth, but faster
progress with poverty reduction will require a
higher rate of growth. This book shows that the
development performance is not a puzzle but
largely explained by good policies. Countries in
the region have maintained good macroeconomic
environments, opened up their economies to
greater domestic and international competition,
and reduced the role of corrupt and inefficient
public enterprises.

Beyond Survival- Protecting Households From
Health Shocks in Latin America
Beyond Survival breaks new ground in the ongoing
debate about health finance and financial
protection from the costs of health care. The
evidence and discussion support the need to
consider financial protection, in addition to
health status, as a policy objective when setting
priorities for health systems. This book reviews
the Latin American experience with health reform
in the last 20 years and the fundamentals of
health system financing, using new evidence to
show the magnitude and mechanisms that determine
the impoverishing effects of health events
(diseases, accidents, and those of the life
cycle). It provides options for policy makers on
how to protect, and help household to protect
themselves, against this impoverishment. The
authors use empirical evidence from six case
studies commissioned for this report, on
Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Honduras,
and Mexico. This book provides policy makers with
a solid conceptual basis for decisions on the
contents of mandatory health insurance benefit
packages, choices of financing mechanisms, and
the roles of public policy in this field. Beyond
Survival provides an in-depth analysis of, and
organizational alternatives for, risk pooling and
health insurance for financial protection. It
analyzes the urgent need to extend risk pooling
to the informal sector, the challenges for
current social insurance arrangements, and
options for policy makers to effectively extend
risk pooling to the informal sector.

Effective Learning for the Poor
Large-scale efforts have been made since the
1990s to ensure that all children of the world go
to school. But mere enrollment is not sufficient,
students must become fluent in reading and
calculation by the end of grade 2. Fluency is
needed to process large amounts of text quickly
and use the information for decisions that may
ultimately reduce poverty. State-of-the-art brain
imaging and cognitive psychology research can
help formulate effective policies for improving
the basic skills of low-income students. This
book integrates research into applications that
extend from preschool brain development to the
memory of adult educators. In laymans terms, it
provides explanations and answers to questions
such as Why do children have to read fast before
they can understand what they read? How do
health, nutrition, and stimulation influence
brain development? Why should students learn
basic skills in their maternal language? Is there
such a thing as an untrained teacher? What signs
in a classroom show whether students are getting
a quality education? How must information be
presented in class so that students can retain it
and use it? What training techniques are most
likely to help staff put their learning into use?
This book would be useful to policymakers, donor
agency staff, teacher trainers, supervisors, and
inspectors, as well as university professors and
students.

Indias Undernourished Children A Call for
Reform and Action
This paper explores the dimensions of child under
nutrition in India, and examines the
effectiveness of the Integrated Child Development
Services (ICDS) program in addressing it. The
paper finds that although levels of under
nutrition in India declined modestly during the
1990s, the reductions lagged far behind that
achieved by other countries with similar economic
growth rates. Nutritional inequalities across
different states, socioeconomic and demographic
groups are large - and, in general, are
increasing. The study also finds that the ICDS
program appears to be well-designed and
well-placed to address the multidimensional
causes of malnutrition in India. However, there
are several mismatches between the program's
design and its actual implementation that prevent
it from reaching its potential. The paper
concludes with a discussion of a number of
concrete actions that can be taken to bridge the
gap between the policy intentions of ICDS and its
actual implementation.

Sustainable Land Management
Land is the integrating component of all
livelihoods depending on farm, forest, rangeland,
or water (rivers, lakes, coastal marine)
habitats. Due to varying political, social, and
economic factors, the heavy use of natural
resources to supply a rapidly growing global
population and economy has resulted in the
unintended mismanagement and degradation of land
and ecosystems. Sustainable Land Management
provides strategic focus to the implementation of
sustainable land management (SLM) components of
the World Bank's development strategies. SLM is a
knowledge-based procedure that integrates land,
water, biodiversity, and environmental management
to meet rising food and fiber demands while
sustaining livelihoods and the environment. This
book, aimed at policy makers, project managers,
and development organization, articulates
priorities for investment in SLM and natural
resource management and identifies the policy,
institutional, and incentive reform options that
will accelerate the adoption of SLM productivity
improvements and pro-poor growth.

Beyond The Numbers Understanding the
Institutions for Monitoring Poverty Reduction
Strategies
This volume provides lessons on the design and
functioning of such monitoring systems, based on
the experience of twelve Poverty Reduction
Strategy (PRS) countries. The focus is on the
institutional arrangements of PRS monitoring
systems - the rules and processes which bring the
various actors and monitoring activities together
in a coherent diagnostic tool, and a summary of
the situation in twelve PRS countries.