The muscles of limbs ?

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The muscles of limbs?     

• SHANDONG UNIVERSITY
• Liu Zhiyu

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The muscles of upper limb
The muscles of upper limb are divided into
shoulder arm forearm hand
The muscles of
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Muscles of shoulder

• Deltoid
• Supraspinatus
• Infraspinatus
• Teres minor
• Teres major
• Subscapularis

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Muscles of shoulder

• Deltoid
• Origin lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and
  spine of scapula
• Insertion deltoid tuberosity of humerus
• Action abducts the arm anterior part may flexes
  and medically rotates the arm and the posterior
  part extends and laterally rotates arm

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Muscles of shoulder

• Teres major
• Origin dorsal surface of inferior angle of
  scapula
• Insertion crest of lesser tubercle of humerus
• Action medially rotates and adducts arm

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Muscles of arm

• Antererior group
• Biceps brachii
• Coracobrachialis
• Brachialis

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• Biceps brachii Origin long head, supraglenoid
  tubercle short head, coracoid process
• Insertion radical tuberosity
• Action supinator of forearm, flexor of elbow
  joint, weak flexor of should joint

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Muscles of arm

• Posterior group
• Triceps brachii
• Origin long head, infraglenoid tubercle lateral
  head, above groove for radical n., medical head,
  below groove for radical n.
• Insertion olecranon of ulna
• Action extends elbow joint), long head can
  extend and adduct shoulder joint

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Muscles of forearm
Anterior group (9)

• Superficial layer
• Brachioradialis
• Pronator teres
• Flexor carpi radialis
• Palmaris longus
• Flexor carpi ulnaris

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• Pronator teres
• Origin medical epicondyle of humerus and deep
  fascia of forearm
• Insertion middle of lateral surface of radius
• Action
• pronation of forearm

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Muscles of forearm

• Second layer-
• flexor digitorum superficials

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• Third layer
• Flexor digitorum profundus
• Flexor pollicis longus
• Fourth layer- pronator quadratus
• Action flex radiocarpal joint and fingers,
  pronate forearm

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Posterior group (10)
Superficial layer (5)

• Extensor carpi radialis longus
• Extensor carpi radialis brevis
• Extensor digitorum Extensor digiti minimi
• Extensor carpi ulnaris

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Deep layer (5)

• Supinator
• Abductor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis
  Extensor pollicis longus Extensor indicis
  Action extend radiocapral joint and
  fingers, and supinate forearm

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• Supinator
• Origin lateral epicondyle of humerus and upper
  part of lateral border of ulna
• Insertion upper third of anterior surface of
  radius
• Action supination of forearm

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Muscles of hand

• Lateral group-thenar
• Abductor pollicis brevis Flexor pollicis brevis
  Opponens pollicis Adductor
  pollicis Action flex, abduct,
  adduct and oppose thumb

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Muscles of hand

• Medial group-hypothenar
• Abductor digiti minimi
• Flexor digiti minimi brevis
• Opponens digiti minimi
• Action flex, abduct , and oppose little finger

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Intermedial group

• Lumbricales (4)- flex metacarpophalangeal joints
  and extend interphalangeal joints
• Palmar interossei (3)- adduct fingers towards
  middle finger
• Dorsal interossei (3)-abduct fingers away from
  middle finger

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The muscles of lower limb
The muscles of lower limb are divided into
Hip Thigh Leg foot
The muscles of
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??The muscles of Hip
(?)Anterior group
1?Iliopsoas
Psoas major
Iliacus
lesser trochanter
Actionflexes the thigh and rotate thigh
laterally?
2?tensor fasciae latae
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(?)posterior group
1? Gluteus Maximus
Action extend the thigh and rotate the thigh
laterally
2? Piriformis
Action rotate and abduct the thigh laterally
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Gluteus medius Gluteus minimus
Actionabdut the thigh
Obturator internus Quadratus femoris Obturator
externus
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?? The muscles of thigh
(?)Anterior group
1?Sartorius

• Origin anterior superior iliac spine
• Insertion the upper part of the medial surface
  of the tibia

Action flexes the thigh and the leg ,When the
knee is flexed, it medially rotates the leg.
2?Quadriceps Femoris Rectus femoris Vastue
lateralis Vastus medialis Vastus
untermedius
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?? The muscles of thigh
2?Quadriceps Femoris
Origin Rectus femoris anterior inferior iliac
spine Vastus medialis medial lip of linea
aspera Vastus lateralis lateral lip of linea
aspera Vastus intermedius anterior surface of
femur
Insertion tibial tuberosity via patellar
ligament
Action extend the leg rectus femoris also
flexes the thigh
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(?)Medial group
Adduct and rotate the thigh laterally
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(?)posterior group
1? Biceps Femoris
Action extend the thigh and flexes the leg
2? Semitendinosus
3?Semimembranosus
Action extend the thigh and flexes the leg
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??The muscles of leg
(?)Anterior group
extend 1-4 toes
Action of anterior groupDorsiflex of ankle joint
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?? The muscles of leg
(?)lateral group
Actionplantar flexes the ankle and the eversion
of foot
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(?)The posterior group

1?Superficial layer
Triceps surae
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Actionplantar flexe the ankle, Gastrocnemius
also flex the leg
Tendo calcaneus
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1?deep layer consists of 4 muscles.
Popliteus Action flex leg and rotate the leg
medially
Flexor hallucis longus Action plantarflex
ankle joint and flexes the big toe
Flexor digitorum longus Action flexes lateral
four toes, plantarflexes foot

• Tibialis posterior
• Action plantarflexes and inverts foot

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??The muscles of foot ??

• (?)The muscles on the dorsum of foot
• extensor digitorum brevis extense the 2-4 toe.
• extensor hallucis brevisextense the big toe.

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??The muscles of foot

• (?)The muscles of the sole
• 1. Medial group ???
• Abductor hallucis
• Flexor hallucis brevis
• Adductor hallucis

Flexor hallucis brevis
Abductor hallucis
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??The muscles of foot

• (?)The muscles of the sole
• 1. Medial group
• Abductor hallucis
• Flexor hallucis brevis
• Adductor hallucis

Adductor hallucis
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??The muscles of foot

• (?)The muscles of the sole
• 2. intermediate group
• Flexor digitorum brevis
• Quadratus plantae
• Lumbricalis
• Interosseous m.

Lumbricalis
Flexor digitorum brevis
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??The muscles of foot

• (?)The muscles of the sole
• 2. intermediate group
• Flexor digitorum brevis
• Quadratus plantae
• Lumbricalis
• Interosseous m.

Quadratus plantae
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??The muscles of foot

• (?)The muscles of the sole
• 2. intermediate group
• Flexor digitorum brevis
• Quadratus plantae
• Lumbricalis
• Interosseous m.
• plantar interosseous m.
• dorsal interosseous m.

plantar interosseous m

dorsal interosseous m.
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??The muscles of foot

• (?)The muscles of the sole
• 3. lateral group
• Flexor digiti minimi brevis
• Abducentor digiti minimi

Actioncollectively they are sigificant in
posture and locomotion,and mainly support the
arches of the foot.