Blood Groups and Their Polymorfisms Kuliah FKUI Kelas Internasional

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Blood Groups and Their PolymorfismsKuliah FKUI
Kelas Internasional

• Rosila Idris
• Department of Medical Biology,
• Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia

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Blood Groups (1)

• Blood groups ABO and Rh (polymorphism) are
  known as
• antigens of red blood cells.
• Polymorphism Two or more alternative genotypes
  accur together
• in a population
• Genotype Phenotype Antibodies in
  Cells react with
• 
  Serum
• IoIo O
  anti-A , anti B neither
• IAIA A
  anti-B anti- A
• IAIo A
  anti-B anti-A
  
• IBIB B
  anti-A anti-B
• IBIo B
  anti- A anti-B
• IAIB AB
  neither anti-A, anti-B
• Genotype A and B codominant

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Blood Groups (2)

• ABO Genotypes and Serum Reactivity
• Red blood cell Reaction with Reaction with
  Antibodies
• Phenotype anti-A anti-B
  in Serum
• __________________________________________________
  _____
• O -
  - anti-A,anti-B
• A
  - anti-B
• B -
  anti-A
• AB
  neither
• __________________________________________________
  _____
• - represents no reaction represents
  reaction

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Blood Groups (3)

• Genotypes, Phenotypes, and frequencies
• in the ABO Blood-Typing System
• __________________________________________________
  _____
• Genotype Blood Type A Antigen B Antigen
  Frequency in
• (Phenotype) Present
  Present U.S. White
• 
  Population ()
• __________________________________________________
  _____
• IAIA or IAIo A
  - 41
• IBIB or IBIo B -
  11
• IAIB AB
  4
• IoIo O -
  - 44
  

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Blood Groups (4)

• ABO Blood Groups mulptiple alleles
• Allele Alternative form of a gene.
• IAIo or IAIa, Ia
  allele of IA
• IBIo or IBIb, Ib
  allele of IB
• I Isohemagglutinin.
• Multiple Human Alleles is in ABO blood
  group, this is
• the best known of all the red-cell
  antigen system by
• Karl Landsteiner 1900.

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Blood Groups (5)

• Molecular Genetic Basis of the ABO System
• The ABO blood groups are determined by a
  locus on chromosome 9.
• Benefit
• 1. Importance in blood
  transfusions
• 2. Paternity test
• 3. Tissue transplantation

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The Rhesus System (1)

• The Rhesus antigens are far greater importance
  than any others
• In the causation of haemolytic disease of the
  foetus and newborn
• The locus Rh occur on chromosome 1
• Mother Rhesus negative (Rh -)
• Father Rhesus positive (Rh )
• Parental phenotype Rh_ X Rh -
• genotype DD/Dd X dd
  
• Filial (foetus) Rh
  
• Foetus Rhesus haemolytic disease, the mother
  will form anti Rh (antibodies) that return to
  the fetal circulation

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The Rhesus System (2)

• Hemolytic Disease of the newborn
  (Erythroblastosis Fetalis)
• Damage the fetal red blood cells, causing
  hemolytic disease of the newborn
• Symptom Mild, moderate to severe
• ( first pregnant, second pregnant and third
  pregnant)
• Treated transfusion

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