Chapter 6: Pre Revolutionary War

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Chapter 6 Pre Revolutionary War

• Treaty of Paris, 1763
• Colonists
• Friction
• British reaction
• Problems of unity
• Indian losses
• Pontiacs Rebellion
• George III
• Maintain army
• Proclamation of 1763

• French exploration
• Navigation Acts-1650-73
• Enforcement
• Mercantilism
• King Georges War (1744-48)
• George Washington-1754
• French and Indian War-1754-63
• Albany Congress
• British

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French Exploration

• France began to create a colonial empire
• Quebec was already established near the St.
  Lawrence River
• Both Britain and France began to move into the
  Ohio River Valley
• Established trade for beaver skins

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• The French traveled around establishing forts
• Some French came to halt English expansion
• Antoine Cadillac founded Detroit
• Robert de La Salle Mississippi and claimed
  Louisiana for Louis XIV
• New Orleans
• Indians
• Aided the French in the beaver trade
• Disease and firewater

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Nova Scotia

• New Scotland
• The French were moved from this area to Louisiana
• Also called the AcadiansCadians..Cajuns

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• The British empire continued salutary neglect,
  which allowed the roots of independence to spread
• What is Salutary neglect???

Democracy
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Navigation Acts-1650-73

• Some attempts were made to control the colonists
• Navigation Act- imovie trailer
• Nav. Acts set rules for colonial trade
• Trade only with Britain
• Keep the French out
• Positive effects
• Shipbuilding increased
• Protection from British Navy
• Negative effects
• Limited manufacturing
• Low prices
• Pay high prices for goods

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Enforcement

• Enforcement was difficult and many didnt try
• Corrupt agents
• 1684 The Massachusetts Bay Colony lost their
  charter due to excessive smuggling

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Mercantilism

• Favorable balance of trade for England
• Raw materials to mother country to make it self
  sufficient
• Affected all colonies

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King Georges War (1744-48)

• Also called the War of Austrian Sucession
  (1740-48)
• Spanish and French formed against the British in
  America
• The only major engagement was at Louisbourg in
  New France (Canada)
• The colonists fought hard for the fort at
  Louisbourg
• At the peace treaty Ft. Louisbourg was given back
  to the French which angered the New Englanders
  who had fought for the fort
• Disgruntled
• French still above them

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Georgie

• The Brits and French were still fighting over the
  Ohio River Valley
• 1754 Virginias governor sent George Washington
  to secure western lands claimed by Va.
• Attacked Fort Duquesne (French)
• The French retreated, but returned and Washington
  and men had to retreat and built Fort Necessity
• GW surrendered July 4, 1754 (ironic date?)
• What if?

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French and Indian War (1754-63)

• Who fought in the war?
• Fought over beaver skins
• Most of French forces in Europe (lucky us)
• Many Indians supported the French seeing them as
  the lesser evil
• Brits offered money for French and Indian scalps
• Before this the colonies hadnt worked together
  on much Indians laughed at us
• 1754 Brits called for a colonial congress in
  Albany
• 1754 Albany Congress
• Attempt at unification
• 7 colonies
• To keep Iroquois loyal to Britain
• Long range effect was colonial unity

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Ben Franklin
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• You will read about the Albany Congress in your
  documents
• Franklin developed a system of home rule which
  the delegates accepted colonies didnt
• System of taxation for defense
• Colonies didnt want to give up self taxation
  powers
• Grand Council (leg)
• President-General (appointed by the crown)

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British

• Early battles didnt go well
• General Edward Braddock
• British didnt approve of colonial regulars who
  used guerrilla warfare
• Heavy losses
• French aided by Indians who also used guerrilla
  warfare
• GW had two horses shot out from under him
• Invasion of Canada failed

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Indians

• Indians began to take advantage of the situation
• More attacks on English colonist
• Little protection for them esp. after Braddock
  was killed
• Scalping trips within 80 miles of Philly
• Local began to pay for Indian scalps
• 50 for women
• 130 for men

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William Pitt

• Pitt was the new British commander
• Focused on Canada and less on West Indies
• Picked young leaders
• Victory at Louisbourg-1758
• Quebec-1759
• Montreal-1760
• Treaty of Paris, 1763 French power in America
  all but gone.Spain took over some French claims
  in Louisiana
• and England gained all land east of the
  Mississippi
• Blankets

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French lose their land Indians who supported the
French lost everything
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Colonial reaction and Friction

• Colonists felt they fought bravely and bore the
  brunt of the battles
• Gained military experience
• Shattered the myth of British invulnerability

• Friction developed between British and Colonial
  troops
• Document will show this
• No recognition of American rank above Captain
• Washington Col.
• Low opinion of Colonial troops by Brits
• Americans were proud of their accomplishments

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British Reaction

• British upset at reluctance of the colonies to
  aid in the war
• Many American shippers traded with the French
• Hurt British attempts to starve out the West
  Indies
• Pitt got support when he offered to reimburse the
  colonies for expenditures
• Bribed to unify

• Brits saw colonists as unable to fight, leaving
  in the middle of battle, etc.
• Colonists upset at treatment by Brits
• Some would not fight
• Quakers

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Problems of Unity

• Could it be obtained in the colonies?
• Distance b\w colonies
• Geographic barriers
• Religious conflicts
• Nationalities
• Different governments
• Class issues
• Boundary disputes
• But there was still some sense of unity after the
  F and I War

Unity?
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Indian Losses

• Lost their main allies against the British
• Couldnt play the Europeans off on each other
• Pontiac's Rebellion
• Ottowa Chief Pontiac
• 1763 attack British forts on the frontier in
  Ohio Territory

Colonists gave the Indians blankets after
tensions eased. They were infected with small pox
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Fort Michilimackinac

• On June 2, 1763 a group of Ojibwe staged a game
  of baaga'adowe (lacrosse) outside the fort as a
  ruse to gain entrance.
• After gaining entrance to the fort, they killed
  most of the British inhabitants and held the fort
  for a year before the British retook it with the
  provision to offer more and better gifts to the
  native inhabitants of the area.

Land Gate and palisade where Ojibwa (Chippewa),
Sac and Fox gained access to the Fort during the
battle of 1763. Heavily blanketed Indian women
watched the bagataway game from near the gate
with weapons hidden under their blankets.
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King George III (The Mad King)

• Changes in colonial policy came with his rise to
  power
• The need to maintain an army in the colonies rose
• End of salutary neglect
• Had to pay for the cost of war
• Colonies should pay more

George III suffered from porphyria in its most
vicious form, although his suffering may have
been aggravated by the ill treatment of his
doctors. The symptoms of this rare hereditary
disease include paralysis, delirium,
hypertension, and acute pain, while sufferers
pass urine of a purple coloring
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Proclamation of 1763

• Colonists were not allowed to move past the
  Appalachian Mountains
• Proclamation of 1763
• Why would the British government do this?
• Will it work?
• Crash Course 5