Literary Devices

1
Literary Devices

• Short Story Objectives

2

• Add plot (exposition, rising action, climax,
  falling action, resolution)

3

• Elements of a short story
• 1) Characters
• 2) plot
• 3)setting
• 4) theme

4

• 1)Poetry - imaginative writing in which language,
  images, sounds, and rhythm combine to create a
  special emotional effect

5

• 2)Theme - main idea

6

• 3. humor - something funny

7

• 4)setting - the physical and sometimes spiritual
  background of a story.

8

• 4 elements of setting
• 1) geographical location
• 2)daily living of characters
• 3)the time or period
• 4)mood

9

• 5. character - a person in a story, novel, poem,
  or play

10

• 6. suspense wanting to know what will happen
  next
• Question of how, what, who, and when?

11

• 7. Mood / tone - the general feeling in a piece
  of work

12

• 8. Script - the complete text in a play
• 9. Cast - list of characters

13

• 10. Stage directions - describe the action and
  tell the characters what to do and how to do it

14

• 11. Dialogue - what characters say
• 12. Scenery - everything used to show the setting

15

• 13. Sound effects - sounds that are made for a
  play

16

• 14) drama- a literary work meant to be performed
  for an audience.

17

• 3 THINGS TO HAVE A DRAMA
• Story
• Written in Action
• Performed by Actors

18

• Shotgun
• Shout, accuse, scream
• Confusion
• Dangerous enemy
• Destroy

• Evening
• Roar
• Power failure
• Aliens
• Fear
• Mob
• Madness

19

• Evening
• Roar
• Power failure
• Aliens
• Fear

20

• Mob
• Madness
• Shotgun
• Shout, accuse, scream
• Confusion

21

• Dangerous enemy
• Destroy
• (Sound bites)
• Saved on Sample Playlist on Media Player
• http//www.thetzsite.com/pages/theme.html
• http//www.thetzsite.com/pages/download.html
• http//www.thetzsite.com/pages/playback.html

22
Disease Spreads Quickly Through the TownLast
week in the small town of Hokes Bluff, a severe
case of the stomach flu swept the townspeople.
23
Monsters are Due Study Guide1.Who is the
author? What do you know about him.2. Know the
NEW definitions.3. Who are the monsters, and
why?4. Prejudices can kill, and suspicion can
destroy. What does that mean?
24
Monsters are Due Explain what happened on
Maple Street.
25
15. Narrative poetry - poetry that tells a story
26
16. Metaphor - a figure of speech that compares
two unlike thingsThat car is a lemon.
27
17. Extended metaphor- to use a metaphor
throughout a poem
28

• 18. Personification - a figure of speech in which
  something not human is given a human personality
  or characteristics.

29

• 19. Free verse - poems with irregular rhythms and
  line lengths

30
20. Rhythm - the pattern of stressed and
unstressed syllables in a line of poetry
31

• 21.Stanza - A group of lines forming a unit in a
  poem

32
22. Symbol - any person, place, or thing that
stands for something else.Ex Eagles symbolize
freedom.
33

• 23. flashback - an interruption of the action to
  tell about something that happened earlier in
  time.

34

• 24)Characterization-displaying a characters
  personality

35

• Five Kinds
• 1) characters actions
• 2) characters speech
• 3)what other characters say
• 4)revealing characters thoughts
• 5) directly commenting

36

• 25. Biography - a story about someones life
  written by someone else.

37

• 26)conflict - the struggle b/t two opposing
  forces.

38

• 4 Kinds
• 1) struggle w/ nature
• 2) struggle w/ another person
• 3) struggle w/ society
• 4) struggle within

39

• 27. Climax - the readers highest emotional
  involvement in the work

40

• 28. Parody - humorous imitation of a serious
  piece of literature

41

• 29. Irony - the contrast b/t what is expected to
  happen and really does

42

• 3 kinds of Irony
• 1) Dramatic irony- when the reader knows
  something the characters dont

43

• 2)Verbal irony - when a character or author says
  something and means something else

44

• 3 kinds of Irony
• 3)irony of situation - when the situation turns
  out differently from expected

45

• 30. plot - the sequence of events
• 31. Subplot - a story within another story

46

• 32.
• Monologue - one speaker in front of an audience

47

• 33. Comedy - a literary work with a generally
  happy ending can be serious at times

48

• 34. Myth - a story,often about gods and goddesses
  that attempts to give meaning to the world

49

• 35. Hero - chief character in story usually
  brave, courageous, kind, honest, etc.

50
(No Transcript)
51

• ARMT Practice

52

• conflict - the struggle b/t two opposing
  forces.

53

• 4 Kinds
• 1) struggle w/ nature
• 2) struggle w/ another person
• 3) struggle w/ society
• 4) struggle within

54

• Personification - a figure of speech in which
  something not human is given a human personality
  or characteristics.

55

• Climax - the readers highest emotional
  involvement in the work

56

• 25. Rhyme - the repetition of similar sounds. 2
  kinds

57

• 26. End rhyme - rhymes come at the end of lines
• Once upon a TIME,
• I found a DIME.
• 27. Internal rhyme - rhyme occurs within a line
• The CAT wore a HAT.

58
28. Alliteration -the repetition of consonant
sounds(Betty Botter bought some butter.)
59
29. Inversion - the reversal of the normal order
of words in a sentenceEx A kiss, he did
receive.
60

• 30. Repetition - using the same word or phrase to
  show emphasis

61
31. Simile - Figure of speech that compares
unlike things using like or as-She is as
sweet as pie.
62
32. Concrete Poems Poems that have a particular
shape Ex A poem about a balloon that is shaped
like a balloon.
63

• 33. Onomatopoeia - a word that sounds like its
  meaning (BZZZ).

64

• 38)Foreshadowing- the use of hints or clues to
  suggest what action is about to occur

65

• 3)Point of view - the relationship of the author
  to the work
• 1st person - I, Me, etc.
• 2nd person - You, Your, etc.
• 3rd person - He, She, etc.

66

• Ugly Duckling Questions
• 1) Why is this story a drama?
• It is a drama b/c it is meant to be acted out on
  stage. It also has a story, actors, and its
  told in action.

67

• Ugly Duckling Questions
• 2)Define parody and explain why this drama is
  one.
• A parody makes fun of another story. This play
  makes fun of the childrens story, Ugly
  Duckling.

68

• Ugly Duckling Questions
• 3)Why is this play a comedy?
• It is a comedy because it is funny and has a
  happy ending. It also teaches the lesson that
  people should look beyond outside appearances.

69

• Ugly Duckling Questions
• 4)Give an example of dramatic irony.
• An example would be when the prince and princess
  introduced themselves as the servants.

70

• 1) Climax - the readers highest emotional
  involvement in the work
• 2)Short story - a brief account of fictional
  events

71

• 9)Resolution- the final outcome of the story

72

• 14. Imagery - language that appeals to the senses.

73

• 20. Atmosphere - the general mood or feeling

74
12. Assonance - the repetition of similar vowel
sounds
75

• Robert Frost
• said that a poem should begin in delight and
  end in wisdom.

76

• Robert Frost was a farmer, teacher, and a writer.
• He called himself a synecdochist (a small part of
  a big thing).

77

• He was a realist and a naturalist.
• He was like a potato with the dirt washed off.

78

• He didnt dwell on the ugly or sordid he liked
  to write about the common every day life.

79

• Edgar Allen Poe
• He said..
• 1) a poem should not be didactic - teaching.

80

• 2) a poem should be short.
• 3) a poem should be a creation of beauty.

81

• 4) a poem should have a beautiful woman as its
  best subject.

82

• Edgar Allen was fascinated with death and the
  supernatural.

83

• He was a drug addict.
• He married his 13, almost 14, year-old-cousin.

84

• At age 40, he died of a morphine overdose.

85
29. Total effect - overall impression
86

• Longfellow
• Didnt write about the conflicts of the day,
  although he did write some anti-slavery poems

87

• Longfellow
• had a long beard to cover scars from trying to
  save his wife from a house fire

88

• Longfellow
• Poetry was very strict to the rules.
• His style was outdated.

89

• Longfellow
• He was didactic - He wanted to teach some kind of
  moral.

90

• Longfellow
• For those reasons, Poe didnt like him.

91

• Emily Dickinson
• Two things in her writing
• 1)compression of thought (putting a lot of
  meaning in fewer words)

92

• Emily Dickinson
• 2) apharisms (short poems)
• Her titles are the first lines of the poems.

93

• Emily Dickinson
• Poetry was sharp and intense.
• Poems were simple and passionate.
• Ideas were witty, rebellious, and original.

94

• Emily Dickinson
• She had an acute awareness of the senses.
• She used assonance often.

95

• Emily Dickinson
• She wore white, avoided people, and was different
  from other girls.
• She was eccentric.

96

• Emily Dickinson
• Before she died, she would not leave her room.
• When she died, only seven of her poems were
  published.

97

• 31. allusion - a reference in one work of lit to
  a person, place, or event in another piece of
  lit., art, or history.

98

• 36.Anecdote - a short story to make a point