CHAPTER 7 : Response to Crisis: Absolutism

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CHAPTER 7 Response to Crisis Absolutism

• 8. France Under Louis XIV
• A. Louis XIV best example of absolutism in the
  17th
• century all other European monarchs
  tried to imitate his court
• B. Richelieu and Mazarin
• - Louis XIII and Louis XIV both come to the
  throne at young
• ages, therefore the monarch was kept in
  tact by their ministers,
• Richelieu and Mazarin.
• - Richelieu (Louis XIII minister)
  strengthened the power of
• the monarch, took Huguenots political and
  military rights because they were seen as a
  threat had spies to uncover plots by nobles and
  then executed them
• - Mazarin (Louis XIV minister) crushed a
  revolt led by the
• nobility result the people realized French
  stability lay in a strong monarch.

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LOUIS XIV
RICHELIEU
MAZARIN
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• C. Louis XIV Comes to Power
• - Marzin dies Louis XIV takes over supreme
  power becomes known as the Sun King the light
  of his people

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• . Government and Religion
• - Palace Louis had built was at Versailles.
  It served 3
• purposes 1. personal household to
  the king 2. chief offices
• of the state are located their and 3.
  subjects came to find
• favors for themselves
• - Louis removed his biggest threat, the
  nobles and royal
• princes, by keeping them out of
  politics and keeping them
• busy with court life Louis did not
  share his authority with
• anyone
• - Louis was anti-Protestant revokes the
  Edict of Nantes he
• ordered all Huguenot churches to be
  destroyed and all their
• schools to be closed Result 200,000
  Huguenots fled to
• England, the United Provinces, and
  the German states

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EDICT OF NANTES
VERSAILLES
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• E. The Economy and War
• - Jean-Baptiste Colbert Louis finance
  minister followed ideas of mercantilism granted
  subsidies to new industries built roads and
  canals raised tariffs on foreign goods allowed
  Louis to build palace, to maintain his court, and
  to fight wars
• - War Had a 400,000 man standing army other
  European nations had to form coalitions to
  prevent him from dominating
• F. Legacy of Louis XIV
• - left France with great debt and surrounded
  by enemies

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Jean-Baptiste Colbert
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• Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
• A. After the Thirty Years Wars, Prussia and
  Austria emerged as great European Powers
• Prussia Fredrick William the Great Elector laid
  the
• foundation for Prussia.
• - Prussia was a small territory no natural
  barriers for defense, therefore he built the
  fourth largest standing army in Europe.
• To maintain the army and his own power, Fredrick
  William set up the General War Commissariat it
  levied taxes for the growth of the army and state
• Eventually Frederick William and his son are
  given the title of king.

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Fredrick William the Great Elector of Prussia
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• Austria The Hapsburgs had lost the Holy Roman
  Empire at the end of the Thirty Years War,
  therefore they began building their Austrian
  Empire in east and southeast Europe.
• The Austrian monarch never became centalized or
  absolute because the state was composed of many
  national groups each area had its own laws and
  political life Nothing tied the regions together
  except their ideal of service to the Hapsburgs

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• Russia Under Peter the Great
• A. 16th Century, Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible) was
  first Russian ruler to take the title of czar he
  expanded territories and
• crushed the boyars
• When Ivan died, a period of anarchy known as the
  Time of Troubles followed ended when the
  national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the
  new czar the Romanovs rule Russia over 300 years
• Peter the Great absolute monarch claimed divine
  right responsible for modernizing Russia
  visited Europe brings technology back to Russia

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Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible)
PETER THE GREAT

• Romanov

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• D. Military Changes
• - Peter reorganized army drafted peasants
  for 25 years of European officers
• Cultural Changes
• - Peter prepared the first book of Russian
  etiquette made nobles shave their beards unless
  they pay
• a tax to keep it forces Russians to start
  dressing like Westerners held gatherings and
  force men and women to dance and talk.
• St. Petersburg
• Peter needed a port with accesses to Europe
  therefore he fights Sweden for territory on the
  Baltic Sea and win. Began construction of St.
  Petersburg on the Baltic Sea in Western style
  hired European architects to design remains the
  Russian capital until 1918.

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Baltic Sea
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Section 4 The World of European Culture

• 11. Mannerism
• - began in 1520s 1530s, as the Renaissance
  came to an end
• - artistic movement that broke down the
  principles of balance, harmony, and moderation
• - rules of proportion were ignored elongated
  figures
• - El Greco mood he depicts in his paintings
  reflects the religious upheavals of the
  Reformation

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El Greco
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The Baroque Period

• . - replaced mannerism
• - artistic style characterized by complex forms,
  bold ornamentation, and contrasting elements
  meant to arouse some emotion
• - Gian Lorenzo Bernini architect and sculptor
  completed Saint Peters Basilica Throne of Saint
  Peter

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Gian Lorenzo Bernini Throne of Saint Peter
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Baroque Art
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• . A Golden Age of Literature
• A. Englands Shakespeare
• - William Shakespeare playwright and
  actor in the theatre company, Lord Chamberlains
  Men wrote 37 plays
• - coined more than 1700 words in the
  English language
• B. Spanish Literature
• - Lope de Vega playwright wrote _at_ 1,500
  plays
• - Miguel de Cervantes wrote novel Don
  Quixote

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William Shakespeare
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1700 words in the English language

• BEDROOM
• LONELY
• LOVE SICK
• SNEAKY
• GLOOMY
• SECRET
• JEALOUS

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PLAYS

• ROMEO AND JULIET
• MIDSUMMER NIGHTS DREAM
• RICHARD III
• OTHELLO
• MACBETH
• HAMLETT

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• Lope de Vega

Miguel de Cervantes
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• . Political Thought
• A. Thomas Hobbes
• - wrote Leviathan
• - thought people were naturally greedy and
  selfish
• - only a powerful
• government can create a
• peaceful, orderly
• society

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• John Locke
• - wrote Two Treatises of Government
• - thought people were basically good,
  reasonable and moral
• - thought people had natural rights
  government should protect natural rights
• government should be limited in power and
  accepted by all citizens if government does not
  protect
• natural rights, then people have the
• right to overthrow it a right to revolution