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The Scientific Method Movie

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The Scientific Method Movie An experiment tests an idea in a careful orderly manner. The orderly steps used are called The Scientific Method. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The Scientific Method Movie


1
The Scientific MethodMovie
  • An experiment tests an idea in a careful orderly
    manner. The orderly steps used are called The
    Scientific Method.

2
Stating the Problem
  • Example
  • Which freezes faster, fresh water of salt water?
  • A scientific question that can be answered by
    gathering evidence.

3
ResearchGathering information on the problem.
4
Develop a Hypothesis
  • A hypothesis is a prediction about the outcome of
    the experiment. A properly worded hypothesis
    should take the form of an If then statement.

Example If I add salt to fresh water, then the
water will take longer to freeze.
5
Designing an Experiment
  • A variable is any factor that can change in an
    experiment.
  • The factor that you change is called the
    manipulated variable or independent variable.
  • The responding variable or dependent variable is
    what you measure or observe to obtain your
    results.
  • A controlled variable is a factor that is kept
    constant. You use the control to make a
    comparison.
  • Next, you need to develop a plan to test your
    hypothesis. Your plan should describe the
    observations or measurements you will make.
  • In a well designed experiment, you need to keep
    all variables the same except for one.

6
Example of an Experimental Procedure
  • Fill 3 containers with 300 milliliters of cold
    tap water.
  • 2. Add 10 grams of salt to container 1 and stir.
    Add 20 grams of salt to container 2 and stir.
    Add no salt to container 3.
  • 3. Place the 3 containers in a freezer.
  • 4. Check the containers every 15 minutes. Record
    your observations.
  • The manipulated/independent variable is the
    amount of salt added to the water.
  • The responding/dependent variable is how long it
    takes the water to freeze.
  • The control is container 3, which has no salt
    added. This allows you to compare how long it
    takes regular water and salt water to freeze.
  • Notice that the other factors, such as the amount
    of water or starting temperature are kept
    constant. This ensures valid results and that
    only one variable is tested.

7
  • Hypothesis an educated guess or prediction an
    if, then statement
  • If ..independent variable,
  • then..dependent variable.

8
Example
  • Independent Variable
  • I feed my cat a lot of food
  • Dependent Variable
  • she will get fat
  • If ___________________________
  • then _________________________

9
Remember
Try to use INCREASE and DECREASE in your
hypothesis! Ex. IF I increase the amount of food
I give my cat, THEN she will increase her weight
10
Now Try it on Your Own!
  • Writing a Good Hypothesis
  • Just plug and chug in your variables!

11
Types of Variables
  • There are 2 main types of variables
  • Independent Variable The variable that is
    changed by the scientist the I control
    variable
  • Dependent Variable The variable that might
    change because of what the scientist changes
    what is being measured

12
Remember!
  • Your hypothesis can TELL you what your variables
    are!
  • Ex. If I drink Mountain Dew before bed, then I
    will not sleep very much.
  • IV Drinking Mountain Dew
  • DV the amount of sleep

13
Practice
  • Use this hypothesis to identify the variables
  • If I leave all the lights on all day,
  • then my electric bill will be
  • Expensive.
  • IV ______________________
  • DV ______________________

14
  • If I brush my cat more, then there will be less
    fur on my furniture
  • IV ______________________
  • DV ______________________

15
Now read the following experiment and identify
the independent and dependent variables
  • Elizabeth wanted to test if temperature affected
    how fast milk goes bad and curdles. She left milk
    in a room temperature closet, a fridge, and a
    oven that was turned on low heat. She then
    measured how rotten the milk was after 10 days.
  • IV ____________________________________
  • DV ____________________________________

16
Operational Definition
  • Before beginning the experiment, you must have a
    clear operational definition. An operational
    definition is a statement that describes how a
    particular variable is to be measured or how a
    term is to be defined.
  • For example, how will you determine if the water
    is frozen? You might decide to insert a stick in
    each container in the beginning of the experiment
    . Your operational definition of frozen could be
    the time at which the stick can no longer move.

17
Review
  • In an experiment, there is something that a
    scientist is testing they control this

18
Review
  • In an experiment, because the scientist is
    changing this independent variable, this is going
    to change and the scientist will measure that
    change

19
Review
  • This is an educated guess of what is going to
    happen during an experiment the scientist forms
    this at the beginning of the experiment.

20
Did You Get Them Right?
  1. Independent Variable
  2. Dependent Variable
  3. Hypothesis

21
Constant
  • Constant something that scientist makes sure is
    the same throughout the experiment.
  • Ex. Watering the plants the same amount of water
    or making sure you are testing the same person
    every time.

22
Control
  • Control The part of the experiment that the
    scientist doesnt change or add the variable to.
  • Ex. The plant with the white light.

23
Materials
  • Before beginning the experiment, make a list of
    all the materials you will need to complete it.

24
Observations
  • You perform the experiment see what happens.
    You may need to take measurements, pictures etc.
    depending on the nature of the experiment.

25
Observation
  • What is an observation?
  • Using your five senses to take note of and
    observe your surroundings
  • Lets go over examples!

26
Inference
  • An inference is when you make an assumption or
    prediction about something that you observe
  • After you make an observation, you usually make
    an inference about what is going on

27
Lets practice making inferences!
  • The next three slides show some fossil imprints
    that were found during a archeological dig. Were
    going to record some observations and then make
    some inferences about what may have happened
    millions of years ago.

28
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What do you think happened?
32
Data
  • The observations measurements you make in an
    experiment are called data. You gather that data
    and organize it into tables, charts or graphs.
    Then think through what the data reveals. Does
    it support your hypothesis?

33
Types of Data
  • Quantitative Data Involves measurements or
    numbers. This data is organized into graphs
    (bar, line, etc.)
  • Qualitative Data Involves descriptions or words.
    This data is organized into tables or pictures.

34
Axes of a Graph
  • X-axis (horizontal axis)
  • Horizontal means
  • Y-axis (vertical axis)
  • Vertical means

35
Label the x and y axes
36
Label the x and y axes
Y-Axis Dependent Variable
X-Axis (Independent Variable)
37
Scale
  • Now you need to select evenly spaced intervals
    that include all your data (a scale).
  • Data set 1 15, 30, 45, 7, 64. 96
  • Minimum value for scale____
  • Maximum Value for scale____

38
Intervals
  • Now you need to select evenly spaced intervals
    that include all your data (a scale).
  • Data set 1 15, 30, 45, 7, 64. 96
  • Minimum value for scale__7_
  • Maximum Value for scale_96_

39
Title_____________________
Money
Student Number
40
Title_____________________
Money
Student Number
41
Remember TAILS
  • T Title
  • A Axis (Draw the X Y Axis)
  • I Intervals (Pick an interval for your data
    numbers)
  • L Label each axis
  • S Scale should take up a page or half a page
    (never tiny).

42
Drawing a Conclusion
  • A conclusion is a statement that sums up what you
    have learned from an experiment. You need to
    decide whether the data you collected supports
    your hypothesis or not. You should repeat an
    experiment several times before you can draw any
    conclusions from it.

43
Repeating the Work
  • Before the conclusion of can be accepted by the
    scientific community, other scientists must
    repeat the experiment check the results.
  • So when a scientist writes a report, it must be
    detailed enough so that scientists around the
    world can repeat the experiment for themselves.

44
Find Flaws in this Experiment.
  • Gerard wants to find out if egg yolk causes
    silver to tarnish. He labels 2 silver spoons A
    B. He puts egg yolk on both spoons. Then he
    places spoon A in a closed container and leaves
    spoon B out in the open air. He checks the
    spoons over the next few days.
  • Flaws Egg yolk, which is suppose to be the
    variable, should not be put on both spoons.
    Other factors, such as the exposure to air,
    should be kept the same for both spoons.

45
Find Flaws in this Experiment.
  • Daria wants to find out if fertilizer causes
    plants to grow taller. She takes 2 plant shoots
    of the same size type and labels them A B.
    She adds fertilizer to plant A but not to plant
    B. Then she places plant A in a sunny window and
    waters it everyday. She places plant B on a
    bookshelf away from the sun and waters it every
    other day.
  • Flaws The experiment has too many variables.
    Daria has varied the amount of light and water
    each plant receives. Except for fertilizer, all
    other conditions should be kept the same.

46
Problem Solving
  • Hypothesis Turtle eggs develop into male turtles
    in cold temperatures and into female turtles in
    warm temperatures.
  • Predict whether this hypothesis is fact or
    fiction. Design a simple experiment to show if
    the hypothesis is or is not correct. Make sure
    your experiment has an experimental setup and a
    control setup.

47
Practice Drawing a Conclusion
  • Here is one way a biologist might design the
    experiment. A great quantity of the same type of
    turtle eggs are collected. Batches of 25 eggs
    are out in containers at different temperatures.
    After 60 days, the following data is recorded

Temp. Male Female
26C 21 2
28C 13 11
30C 1 19
32C 1 20
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