Molecules and Molecular Compounds - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Molecules and Molecular Compounds

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... Acetone Perspective Drawings Structural formula that ... behaving as a single object Chemical Formula Notation that uses chemical symbols and subscript ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Molecules and Molecular Compounds


1
Section 2.6
  • Molecules and Molecular Compounds

2
Remember
  • Atoms are the smallest representative sample of
    an element? Building Blocks of Matter!
  • BUT- only the noble gases are found as isolated
    atoms
  • The rest exist as molecules or ions

3
Molecules
  • Assembly of two or more atoms tightly bound
    together, behaving as a single object

4
Chemical Formula
  • Notation that uses chemical symbols and subscript
    notation to convey relative proportions of atoms
    of elements in a molecule

5
Diatomic Molecule
  • Molecule composed of two atoms
  • Elements normally occurring as diatomic
  • Hydrogen (H2)
  • Oxygen (O2)
  • Nitrogen (N2)
  • The halogens (F2, Cl2, Br 2, I2)

6
Molecular Compounds
  • Compounds composed of molecules
  • Contain more than one type of atom
  • Examples CH4, H2O, H2O2
  • Most molecular compounds contain only nonmetals!!

7
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8
  • Molecular Formula
  • Indicate the actual numbers and types of atoms in
    a molecule.
  • Empirical Formula
  • Only give the relative number of atoms of each
    type in a molecule.
  • Subscript is always the smallest possible
    whole-number ratio

9
Examples
10
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11
Now You Try
12
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13
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14
If we know the molecular formula, we can
determine the empirical formula!
Does the converse hold true?
15
Structural Formula
  • Shows which atoms are attached to each other
    within a molecule
  • Atoms are represented by their chemical symbol
  • Lines represent bonds
  • Do not depict the geometry of the molecule (the
    angles of the bonds)

16
Acetone
17
Perspective Drawings
  • Structural formula that gives a sense of the
    three-dimensional shape of a molecule

Methane
18
Ball-and-stick models
  • Shows atoms as spheres and bonds as sticks
  • Accurately represents angles of the bonds
  • Also demonstrates relative size of atoms
  • Water

19
Space-filling models
  • Depict a molecule scaled up to size
  • Show relative size of atoms
  • Difficult to see the angles of the bonds

Water
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