The prevalence of drinking and driving in the United States, 2001

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The prevalence of drinking and driving in the
United States, 20012002 Results from the
national epidemiologicalsurvey on alcohol and
related conditions

• S. Patricia Chou, Deborah A. Dawson, Frederick S.
  Stinson, Boji Huang,
• Roger P. Pickering, Yuan Zhou, Bridget F. Grant
• Drug and Alcohol Dependence 83 (2006) 137146

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Introduction

• WHOs projections suggest that by 2020 road
  traffic deaths and injuries could rank third
  among all causes of death and disability
  worldwide.(WHO,2003)
• NHTSA reported that motor vehicle crashes were
  the number one cause of death among all
  accidental deaths, and approximately 40 of all
  traffic fatalities were alcohol-related (NHTSA,
  1996, 1998, 2000).

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• 35 of all U.S. traffic fatalities occurs among
  drivers who had a BAC of 0.08 or higher (NHTSA,
  2002).
• The rates of alcohol-impaired driving during the
  past month preceding the telephone survey varied
  from 2.5 in 1993 to 2.3 in 2002. (Quinlan et
  al., 2005)

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• One out of four persons reporting riding with a
  drinking driver was also a drinking driver
  (Dellinger et al., 1999).

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Aim

• To address the existing gap in the public
  knowledge regarding the magnitude of the problem
  of drinking and driving practices.
• This study was to examine the significance of
  various driver/passenger characteristics with
  respect to gender, age, race-ethnicity, place of
  residence, etc.

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Methods

• The resulting sample size was 43,093 and the
  overall survey response rate was 81.
• Within each household, one respondent ages 18 or
  older was randomly selected.

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Measures of drinking and driving

• In your entire life, did you EVER more than once
  drive a car or other vehicle WHILE you were
  drinking?
• Did you EVER more than once drive a car,
  motorcycle, truck, boat, or other vehicle after
  having too much to drink?
• Did you EVER more than once ride in a car or
  other vehicle as a passenger WHILE the driver was
  drinking?
• Did you EVER ride in a car as a passenger while
  you were drinking?

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Results
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Discussion

• There were approximately 23.4 million, or 11.3,
  of American adults who reported engaging in at
  least one of the four risky drinking and driving
  behaviors.
• The 12-month prevalence of alcohol-impaired
  driving (driving after having too much to drink)
  was 2.87, which was greater than the 1-month
  prevalence of 2.3 as reflected on the 2002 BRFSS
  data (Quinlan et al., 2005).

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• Rates of drinking and driving behaviors among
  male drivers were two- to three-fold of those of
  female drivers.
• ??????????lack of experience in driving,
  risk-taking and sensation-seeking, aggressiveness
  and youth culture

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• The fatality rate was found to be two to three
  times greater in the least densely populated
  counties than in large cities (Baker et al.,
  1984 Muelleman et al., 1993).
• These findings highlight the need to further
  examine the determinants of the drinking and
  driving phenomena especially in rural regions.

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• This finding is consistent with previous
  investigations indicating that greater
  proportions of Native Americans have been
  involved in traffic crashes.
• Motor vehicle crashes are the 3rd and the 5th
  leading cause of death for American Indian males
  and females, respectively (NHTSA, 2000).

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• Asian Americans reported the lowest rates of
  drinkingdriving occurrences, which is consistent
  with previous findings (NHTSA, 1998, 2002).
• Evidence has also shown that binging induces
  acute psychomotor and cognitive impairments,
  blurs logical reasoning, increases the likelihood
  of self-destruction or aggression toward others
  (Skibin et al., 2004).

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• Passengers demographics, that is, young, male,
  never married or widowed /separated /divorced
  were all implicated in increasing the risk of
  passenger-based drinking and driving behaviors.
• Collaboration between public health, traffic
  safety professionals and criminal justice
  agencies will prove to be critical.

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