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Dawn of the Industrial Age

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The effects of the steam engine: Steam power, ... etc. Iron smelting is a chemical process by which impurities are removed from compound iron ore. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Dawn of the Industrial Age


1
Dawn of the Industrial Age
  • For thousands of years, most of human
    civilization lived and worked in small farming
    villages.
  • However, in the mid-1700s, in Britain, a chain
    of events occurred that would change civilization
    forever!
  • It was a slow change that saw small hand tools
    give way to large pieces of farming equipment.
  • It was not limited to British farmsit soon
    transformed peoples lives all over the world.

2
Industrial Revolution
  • Farming in the middle ages
  • Villages feed themselves.
  • One of three fields left fallow to regain
    fertility.
  • Animals grazed in common pastures.
  • Disadvantages
  • Land use inefficient.
  • Farmers didnt experiment with new farming
    methods.
  • As population grows, more food is needed.

3
Agricultural Revolution
  • Enclosure Movement
  • Wealthy landlords fenced in common pastures and
    experimented with new farming technology.
  • Villages lost common lands and peasants became
    poorer.
  • Crop rotation
  • Fields depleted of nutrients by one crop
    replenished by planting different crops
  • Field not left inefficiently fallow.

4
Enclosure Movement in Britain
5
Agricultural Revolution
  • Other Advancements
  • Seed drill planted seeds efficiently.
  • Results of the Agricultural Revolution
  • More food available
  • Population increased

6
Cottage Industry and Early Capitalism
  • A Merchants Role in the Cottage Industry
  • Supplied materials wool and cotton- to cottages
    to be spun.
  • Took supplies from spinning cottage to weaving
    cottage to dyeing cottage to sell finished cloth.
  • Merchants sell product for more than material and
    labor cost.
  • Capitalism
  • An economic system based on private ownership,
    free competition, and profit.
  • Cottage industry is an example of early
    capitalism.
  • New class of merchants would set up an
    enterprise- business organization.
  • Money earned by business leaders and peasants.

7
The Textile Industry and Factory System
  • Textile Industry Invented
  • Cottage industry couldnt keep up with demand for
    textiles.
  • Flying shuttle, spinning jenny, water frame,
    improved spinning.
  • Power loom sped up weaving.
  • Cotton gin separated seeds from cotton.
  • Rise of the Factory
  • New machines, often too big for homes, were put
    in factories.
  • Factories located near power source coal, iron,
    water.
  • Prices of mass-produced textiles were much lower
    than hand-produced items.
  • Britains textile industry increased enormously.
  • Factories became the work place for many peasants!

8
Steam Engine Energy for the Industrial
Revolution
  • The Need for Energy
  • Steam engine evolved in response to the
    increasing need for power.
  • The effects of the steam engine
  • Steam power, used where ever coal existed,
    increased textile production.
  • Improved mining which increased metals which in
    turn fueled other industries.
  • How the Steam Engine Works
  • Steam is forced from high to low pressure.
  • Water is heated in a container that is sealed
    w/the exception of a valve.
  • It escapes the high pressure area of the
    container through the valve.
  • The steam is then forced upward, pushing a
    piston, which in turn produces power.

9
How the Steam Engine Works
http//www.animatedengines.com/locomotive.html
10
Iron and Coal Energy for the Industrial
Revolution
  • The Need for Iron
  • Farming tools, new factory machinery, railways,
    etc.
  • Iron smelting is a chemical process by which
    impurities are removed from compound iron ore.
  • During the smelting process, carbon and heat are
    applied to the iron ore.
  • This changes the metals atomic structure.
  • The resulting STEEL is both more flexible and
    more durable.
  • http//www.youtube.com/watch?vi6BIyQJZdTg
  • The Need for Coal
  • Coal was abundant in Britain.
  • Coal was required to operate steam engines.
  • Coal was a major export for the country.
  • One note
  • Britain produced more iron than all other
    countries of the world combined!

11
Transportation
  • The Need for Better Transportation
  • Increased production also increased the need to
    transport goods quickly and cheaply.
  • Pre-Industrial society used horses, mules, and
    dirt roads.
  • Inventions/Effects of Railroads
  • Railroads expanded rapidly throughout Britain.
  • Cheaper transportation increased production and
    profits.
  • Railways fueled other industries coal, steam
    engines, iron, steel and many manufactured
    products.

12
Why Britain Led the Industrial Revolution
  • Geography
  • Climate good for textile production.
  • Plenty of natural resources such as iron and
    coal.
  • Separation from the European continent kept them
    out of wars.
  • Government
  • Trade encouraged
  • Promoted capitalism
  • Helped build canals and roads.

13
Why Britain Led the Industrial Revolution
  • Colonial Empire
  • Supplied raw material for manufactured goods.
  • Provided market for goods
  • Advantages of Industrializing first
  • No other countries producing goods on a large
    scale.
  • Monopoly on technology
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