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The Muscular System

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The Muscular System The Muscular System Muscle tissue found everywhere in the body Muscle Types Three types of muscle tissue skeletal, smooth, and cardiac Smooth ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The Muscular System


1
The Muscular System
2
The Muscular System
  • Muscle tissue found everywhere in the body

3
Muscle Types
  • Three types of muscle tissue skeletal, smooth,
    and cardiac

Smooth
Skeletal
Cardiac
4
Skeletal Muscle
  • Usually attached to bones and are responsible for
    voluntary movement (voluntary muscle)
  • Striated/striped light and dark bands
  • Cells very large with many nuclei

5
Smooth Muscle
  • Muscles not under voluntary control (involuntary
    muscle)
  • One nucleus in cells and not striated
  • Found in organs and blood vessels
  • Helps move food through digestive tracts,
    decrease size in pupils, as well as operate other
    organs in the body

6
Cardiac Muscle
  • Muscle found in heart
  • Small, striated cells with one to two nuclei
  • Involuntary muscle found ONLY in the heart

7
Skeletal Muscle Structure
Actin
Skeletal muscle
Myosin
Bundle of muscle fibers
Sarcomere
Z disc
Myfibril
Muscle fiber (cell)
8
Muscle Contraction
  • Contraction of a single muscle fiber is an
    all-or-none process either the fiber completely
    contracts or it doesnt
  • The NUMBER of fibers stimulated by the nervous
    system to contract varies with the amount of
    work/strength needed
  • Muscle fatigue caused by not enough ATP getting
    to muscle
  • Lactic cid fermentation kicks in burning
    sensation in muscles

9
How Muscles and Bone Interact
  • Individual muscles can only PULL in one
    direction, so how does your arm move in two
    directions?
  • Skeletal muscle is joined to bones by tendons,
    which pull on bones and make them work
  • Several muscles surround each bone joint to allow
    pulling in different directions

10
How Muscles and Bone Interact (continued)
  • Muscles work in opposing pairs when one
    contracts, the other relaxes. Ex. Upper arm with
    biceps and triceps
  • Biceps contracts bend elbow (triceps relaxes)
  • Triceps contracts extend elbow (biceps relaxes)
  • Exercise is important to keep muscles firm and
    working properly however, too much exercise all
    at once can tear and stress muscles and be painful

11
Opposing Muscle Pairs
Movement
Movement
Biceps (relaxed)
Biceps (contracted)
Triceps (contracted)
Triceps (relaxed)
12
The Skin
13
The Skin aka Integumentary System
  • Largest sense organ in the body deals with the
    sense of touch

14
Functions of the Skin
  • Regulate internal body temperature (warming,
    cooling, sweating, etc.)
  • Block the suns radiation with melanin
  • Sense organ
  • Produces essential vitamins Vitamin D
  • Protective layer to underlying tissues (invasion
    of microbes, chemicals, etc.)

15
Two Layers of the Skin
  • Epidermis
  • Outermost layer dead cells slough off
  • Has melanin pigments skin color
  • Dermis
  • Innermost layer
  • Helps insulate body
  • Contains blood vessels, nerves, nerve endings,
    sweat glands, hair follicles, oil glands

16
Two Layers of the Skin
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