Rhetoric is the art of PERSUASION.

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Rhetoric

• Rhetoric is the art of PERSUASION.

They tell us, Sir, that we are weak! But when
shall we be stronger?!
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Rhetoric

• Three techniques of rhetoric are

1 - Logos
2 - Ethos
3 - Pathos
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Parallelism
Rhetoric

• One of many powerful
• rhetorical (rhetoric al) tools for the writer
  or speaker

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Rhetoric
The term comes from the Greek parallelos,
meaning beside one another.
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Parallelos Beside One Another
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Parallelos Beside One Another
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Parallelos Beside One Another
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Parallelos Beside One Another
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Parallelos Beside One Another
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Rhetoric
In art or math, you may come across the idea of
parallels.
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Parallel Supermans!
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What does parallelism mean in the world of
language?
Rhetoric

• In writing or speaking, parallelism is a balance
  of two or more similar words, phrases, or
  clauses.

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Rhetoric
Parallel words Liam likes hiking, swimming, and
bicycling.
Not Parallel Liam likes hiking, swimming, and
to ride a bicycle.
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Rhetoric
Not Parallel The production manager was asked
to write his report quickly, accurately, and in a
detailed manner.
Parallel The production manager was asked to
write his report quickly, accurately, and
thoroughly.
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Rhetoric
Parallel Clauses The coach told the players
that they should get a lot of sleep, that they
should not eat too much, and that they should do
some warm-up exercises before the game.
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Rhetoric
Parallel Clauses The coach told the players
that they should get a lot of sleep, that they
should not eat too much, and that they should do
some warm-up exercises before the game.
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Rhetoric
If Benjamin Franklin had written, "Early to bed,
early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and
a leader," we wouldn't be quoting him today.
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Rhetoric
Instead, he began his list with two adjectives,
"healthy" and "wealthy." He completed it not
with a noun, leader.," but with a third
adjective, "wise," thereby rendering his saying
memorable.
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What Franklin did was follow parallel
construction, giving his sentence rhythm and
cadence. It sounds good, and it creates
emphasis!
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"Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man
healthy, wealthy, and wise."
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Rhetoric
Charles Dickens used the parallel structure
It was the best of times, it was the worst of
times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the
age of foolishness, from A Tale
of Two Cities
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Rhetoric
Winston Churchill used the parallel structure

• We shall fight on the beaches
• we shall fight on the landing grounds
• we shall fight in the fields and in the streets
  we shall fight in the hills.
• We shall never surrender.

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Rhetoric
John F. Kennedy used the parallel structure
"Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well
or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any
burden, meet any hardship, support any friend,
oppose any foe to assure the survival and the
success of liberty."
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I have a dream that one day this nation will rise
up and live out the true meaning of its creed
"We hold these truths to be self-evident that
all mean are created equal." I have a dream
that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons
of former slaves and sons of former slave owners
will be able to sit down together at a table of
brotherhood. I have a dream that one day even
the state of Mississippi, a desert state,
sweltering with the heat of injustice and
oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of
freedom and justice. I have a dream that my
four children will one day live in a nation where
they will not be judged by the color of their
skin but by the content of their character. I
have a dream today.
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I have a dream today. I have a dream that one
day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and
mountain shall be made low, the rough places will
be made plain, and the crooked places will be
made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be
revealed, and all flesh shall see it together.
This is our hope. This is the faith with
which I return to the South. With this faith we
will be able to hew out of the mountain of
despair a stone of hope. With this faith we
will be able to transform the jangling discords
of our nation into a beautiful symphony of
brotherhood. With this faith we will be able to
work together, to pray together, to struggle
together, to go to jail together, to stand up for
freedom together, knowing that we be free one
day.
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Using ORGANIZATION, Kings parallelism created
RHYTHM and CADENCE

• 1. I have a dream that one day this nation will
  rise up and live out . . .
• 1. I have a dream that one day . . .
• 1. I have a dream that one day. . .
• 1. I have a dream that . . .
• 1. I have a dream today.
• 1. I have a dream that one day. . .
•      2. This is our hope.
•      2. This is the faith with which I return to
  the South.
•           3.With this faith we will be able to .
  . .
•           3.With this faith we will be able to .
  . .
•           3 With this faith we will be able to .
  . .

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Rhetoric
When talking about his cruel older brothers
scaring him, comedian Louie Anderson broke the
parallel structure to create humor
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My big brothers always picked on me. I didnt
know what to do . . .
Until I got a little older . . .
and a little wiser . . .
and a little brother . . .
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Some well-known PARALLEL statements

I came, I saw, I conquered. (Shakespeares
Julius Caesar)
"But let judgment run down as waters, and
righteousness as a mighty stream." (Amos 524)
"Buy a bucket of chicken and have a barrel
of fun. (Kentucky Fried Chicken slogan)
A kiss can be a comma, a question mark, or an
exclamation point. (Mistinguett)
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In Review . . .
Rhetoric is the art of PERSUASION.
But not like this!
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In Review . . .
Rhetoric is the art of PERSUASION.
Or not like this . . .
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In Review . . .
Rhetoric is the art of PERSUASION.
And not like this . . .
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In Review . . .

• Rhetoric is the art of PERSUASION.

To convince another through the art of language.
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In Review . . .

• Three techniques of rhetoric are

1 - Logos
2 - Ethos
3 - Pathos
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Parallelism
In Review . . .

• One of many powerful
• rhetorical (rhetoric al) tools for the writer
  or speaker

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In Review . . .

• Parallelism is a balance of two or more similar
  words, phrases, or clauses.

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In Review . . .
Parallel construction gives a sentence rhythm and
cadence. It sounds good, AND it creates
emphasis.
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Any Questions?