Rise of Civilization

1
Rise of Civilization

• Unit 1

2
Prehistory

• The period before people developed writing.

3
3 types of early man

• Homo-habilis man had ability
• Homo-erectus man could walk upright
• Homo-sapiens man could think

4
Civilizations

• A highly organized society marked by knowledge of
  a written language, the arts, sciences, and
  government.

5
Anthropologists

• Scientists who study past human civilizations
  they compare bones, looking for changes in size
  and structure.

6
Archaeologists

• Scientists who study the life and culture of
  ancient peoples by excavating ancient living
  sites.

7
Artifacts

• An object made by humans, such as a tool,
  ornament, weapon, or pottery, that has historical
  or archaeological importance.

8
Culture

• The ideas, customs, skills, and arts of a given
  people at a given time.

9
Aspects of culture(ways of life)

• Language
• Foods
• Religion
• Achievement in art and music
• Use of tools
• Technology

10
Technology

• The skills and knowledge available to a people.

11
Nomads

• A person without a permanent home who moves about
  canstantly in search of food.

12
Early Man

• When population was small, had a nomadic
  lifestyle men traveled in small groups (tribes)
  usually following and hunting wild herds of
  animals. They had no permanent home people
  traveled constantly. There emerged a single
  leader. (Usually, the ruler of each tribe was the
  1. Strongest, 2. Eldest, 3. Wisest, and 4. The
  highest religious leader.)

13
Early People

• Neanderthals
• Originated in Africa and spread to Europe.
• Hunters/gatherers.
• Used fire for warmth and cooking. Use of fire
  and clothing made migration to cooler climates
  possible.

14

• Neanderthals (Cont.)
• Lived in caves
• Some built shelters with skins.

15

• Cro-Magnons
• Originated in Asia artifacts in France
• Either lived at the same time as Neanderthals or
  came to be when Neaderthals disappeared.
• Develop knife and chisel
• Chopped down trees and built canoes.

16

• Cro-Magnons (Cont.)
• Developed bow and arrow tohunt larger animals and
  have a better food suply.
• Left behind cave paintings

17

• Human Race
• Creation of Adam. Story of Genesis in the Old
  Testament in the Bible. Genesis 3 shows how
  nomadic lifestyle began.

18
The Neolithic Revolution

• The development of Agriculture changed the
  nomadic lifestyle as farming tied people down to
  the land in one permanent place/spot. Thus,
  villages started to form and grow into cities,
  and civilizations formed.

19

• People shifted from gathering/hunting food to
  producing food.
• New innovations allowed this
• Agriculture
• Domestication of animals
• Villages
• Plow
• Fertilizer
• Loom
• Wheel
• Metalworking for weapons

20

• The domestication of plants and animals led to
  the domestication of humankind, meaning hunters
  lived in nature, while farmers tried to control
  nature.

21
4 Earliest Known Civilizations

• First highly organized societies that developed
  out of river valleys
• Mesopotamia (Iraq on the Tigris and Euphrates
  Rivers)
• Ancient Egypt (on the Nile River)
• India (on the Indus River)
• China (on the Huang/Yellow River that empties
  into the Yellow Sea)

22

• The test of civilization is the power of drawing
  the most benefits out of cities-Emerson. What
  do cities provide for people?
• Jobs, government

23
Civilization

• A highly, organized society marked by knowledge
  of a written language, the arts, sciences,
  government.

24
Most civilizations developed out of the 4 River
Valleys.

• Nile
• Tigris/Euphrates
• Indus
• Huang

25
Basic Features of Civilizations

• 1. Food supply (is stable often, a surplus
  thanks to an Irrigation System rainfall fell to
  ditches, which ran into canals, into
  reservoirs.)

26

• Why must there be a surplus of food before a city
  can develop and grow?
• In order to free others to engage in other
  activities.

27

• 2. Specialized labor
• Artisan-A skilled craftworker, such as a builder,
  potter, textile worker.
• -worked one task
• -very skilled
• -produced large quantities
• -improved quality

28

• Metalworking-introduced the Bronze Age used
  bronze which was easier to pour into a mold and
  shape weapons. Artisans had a major effect on
  the economy.

29

• Economy-a system of producing, distributing, and
  consuming wealth to meet peoples needs.
• Trading-the exchange of goods and services thanks
  to the ability to travel.
• HOW?
• A.   Overland by animals or caravans
• B. Water by small canoes and later, ships

30

• 3. Government
• Govt. needed a way to supervise and protect
  agriculture and trade.
• a.  Government officials were created to oversee
  collection, storage, distribution of the food
  surplus.
• b.   Soldiers guarded the citys territory and
  trade routes.
• c. The king was the head of government.

31

• 4. Social levels followed the citys layout.
• a.  In the center were the government and
  religious buildings
• b. Then, houses of the ruling class
• c.  Then, groups of artisans
• d.  On the outskirts, farmers.
• Compare to the city of Glasgow.

32

• 5. System of writing tools of writing were a
  quill pen and berry ink.
• -Writing originated when priests would record a
  surplus of food and the distribution of food.
• -Early people used pictograms.
• -Early people also wrote true stories and myths.

33

• 6. Organized large-scale projects
• To control flooding, dams and earthen dikes were
  built