Changing models of scholarly communication and the geography of authorship

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Changing models of scholarly communication and
the geography of authorship

• Key Perspectives Ltd

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Published science

• Sources
• ISI Science Citation Index
• United Nations population statistics
• World Bank economic indicators databases

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ISI Science Citation Index

• Peer-reviewed journals
• English language abstracts and keywords
• Authors from multiple countries
• So certain national or regional journals are
  excluded

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Total database records (SCI)

• 1983 672,417
• 1993 754,305
• 2003 1,111,397

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Western science output

• Publications from North America and Western
  Europe account for
• 1983 75 of total records
• 1993 70 of total records
• 2003 50 of total records

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Percentage of total papers 2003
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North East Asia papers published 2003
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North East Asia Number of papers published
1983/2003
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North East Asia increase in papers published
1983-2003
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Regions and subregions papers published
1983-1993-2003
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Growth in science output1983-2003
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Focus on selected regions and countries

• Latin America
• South Asia

• Bolivia
• Costa Rica
• Cuba
• Nepal
• Pakistan
• Sri Lanka
• Vietnam

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Science output 1983-1993-2003
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Growth in science output 1983-2003
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Science productivity per capita
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Science productivity by GDP
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What is being published and where
Bolivia Environmental Sciences (10) American Journal of Human Biology
Costa Rica Biology (23) Revista de Biologia Tropical
Cuba Agriculture, Dairy Animal Sci (13.4) Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science
Nepal Tropical medicine (9.4) Journal of Nutrition
Pakistan Plant sciences (12.6) Pakistan J. Botany
Sri Lanka Agronomy (8.1) Current Science
Vietnam Condensed matter physics (13.5) Physica B Condensed matter
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South Asia Patterns of publishing

• 1983 Plant sciences (16)
• Medicine, general (8)
• Public health (6)
• Organic chemistry (4)
• Tropical medicine (4)
• 1993 Plant sciences (13)
• Chemistry (10)
• Public health (6)
• Tropical medicine (5)
• Agronomy (5)
• 2003 Plant sciences (10)
• Public health (5)
• Environmental sciences (5)
• Pharmacology pharmacy (5)
• Chemistry (5)

• 1983 Bangladesh J. Botany
• Pakistan J. Botany
• Lancet
• BMJ
• Hadronic Journal
• 1993 J. Chem. Soc. Pakistan
• Bangladesh J. Botany
• Pakistan J. Botany
• Lancet
• Acta Paediatrica
• 2003 Pakistan J. Botany
• J. Chem. Soc. Pakistan
• Bangladesh J. Botany
• Natural Product Research
• Lancet

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Spanish-speaking Latin America patterns of
publishing

• 1983 Medicine, general (28)
• Biology (18)
• Medicine, experimental (18)
• Biochem Molec. biology (5)
• Pharmacology pharmacy (3)
• 1993 Urology nephrology (6)
• Biochem molec biology (5)
• Medicine, general (5)
• Chemistry, physical (4)
• Astronomy astrophysics (4)
• 2003 Biochem molec biol (5)
• Genetics heredity (5)
• Medicine, general (4)
• Chemistry, physical (3)
• Astronomy astrophysics (3)

• Arch. Biologia Medicina Experimentales
• Acta Physiologica Latinoamericana
• Revista Medica de Chile
• Medicina Buenos Aires
• Prensa Medica Argentina
• Kidney International
• Revista Medica de Chile
• Blood
• Arthritis Rheumatism
• Medicina Buenos Aires
• American J. Human Genetics
• Arthritis Rheumatism
• Revista Medica de Chile
• European Heart Journal
• Invest. Ophthalmology Visual Science

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Spanish-speaking Latin Americaorigin and
destiny of papers
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South Asia (less India) origin and destiny of
papers 1983-2003
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The impact of science from the developing world

• The amount of published science from the
  developing world is increasing
• What is required now is increasing visibility for
  that published science and better access to
  science from more developed countries

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Some specific initiatives to increase access to
scientific information

• Programme for the Enhancement of Research
  information
• African Journals Online
• HINARI
• SciELo
• Highwire Press
• Freemedicaljournals.com
• SciDev.net
• Electronic Publishing Trust for Development

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Factors that will increase both access and
visibility

• The Internet
• Open access to the scholarly literature

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Open Access

• There are 2 ways in which a scientist can
  provide open access
• Publish in an open access journal where
  appropriate
• Self-archive papers (e-prints) in an open archive
  (an institutional or subject-based archive)

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Open access journals

• Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) from
  Lund University
• 1332 journals
• 60818 articles
• 328 journals now searchable at individual article
  level

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Institutional archive network
Metadata harvested into large databases
Archive 1
User 1
Service Providers databases
Archive 2
User 2
Users search and retrieve articles
User 3
Archive 3
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Institutional archivesthose containing e-prints
worldwide

• United States (58)
• United Kingdom (33)
• Canada (19)
• Germany (15)
• France (15)
• Sweden (13)
• Netherlands (12)
• Italy (11)
• Australia (9)
• Denmark (5)
• Hungary (4)
• Brazil (4)
• India (4)
• China (4)
• South Africa (3)

• Portugal (2)
• Ireland (2)
• Mexico (2)
• Japan (2)
• Austria (2)
• Belgium (2)
• Finland (1)
• Colombia (1)
• Slovenia (1)
• Israel (1)
• Peru (1)
• Switzerland (1)
• Croatia (1)
• Norway (1)
• Spain (1)

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Resources

• List of resources about open access in the
  handout, covering
• Open access journals (OA publishing)
• Institutional archives (self-archiving)
• Impact of open access research
• Discussion forums on open access

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