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Animal Kingdom

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Animal Kingdom Pt 3 Dr. James Whitfield – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Animal Kingdom


1
Animal Kingdom Pt 3
  • Dr. James Whitfield

2
Phylum - Arthropoda
  • The phylum arthropoda is the largest of all the
    animal phyla, it includes the insects, arachnids,
    myriapods, and crustaceans.

3
Phylum - Arthropoda
  • Arthropods have organ level organization. The are
    bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic,
    segmented, coelomate animals

4
Phylum - Arthropoda
  • Arthropods have organ level organization. The are
    bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic,
    segmented, coelomate animals
  • Arthropods are covered by a chitinous exoskeleton
    (Chitin is a long chain polymer of glucose
    similar to cellulose)

5
Phylum - Arthropoda
  • Arthropods have organ level organization. The are
    bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic,
    segmented, coelomate animals
  • Arthropods are covered by a chitinous exoskeleton
    (Chitin is a long chain polymer of glucose
    similar to cellulose)
  • The body consists of a head, thorax and abdomen,
    with a series of jointed appendages

6
Phylum - Arthropoda
  • Arthropods have varied respiratory systems which
    include gills (found in shrimp), book gills
    (found in horseshoe crabs), book lungs (found in
    arachnids) or a tracheal system found in insects

7
Phylum - Arthropoda
  • Arthropods have sensory organs that include,
    antennae, simple and compound eyes and organs of
    balance called statocytes

8
Phylum - Arthropoda
  • Arthropods have sensory organs that include,
    antennae, simple and compound eyes and organs of
    balance called statocytes
  • The statocyst consists of a sac-like structure
    containing a mineralised mass (statolith) and
    numerous innervated sensory hairs (setae). The
    statolith's inertia causes it to push against the
    setae when the animal accelerates. Deflection of
    setae by the statolith in response to gravity
    activates neurons, providing feedback to the
    animal on change in orientation and allowing
    balance to be maintained.

9
Phylum - Arthropoda
Setae
Statolith
Statocyte
10
Phylum - Arthropoda
  • Arthropods contain malphigian tubules for
    excretion. Malphigian tubules are found in the
    posterior end of the alimentary canal. They
    filter material from the hemocoel and transfer it
    into the digestive system for removsl

11
Phylum - Arthropoda
  • Most arthropods are oviparous this means they
    lay eggs with no internal development.
    Fertilization however is internal
  • Compare this to mammals that are vivaporous
    meaning the embryo develops inside the mother

12
Economic Importance
  • It is impossible to underestimate the economic
    importance of arthropods, whether it is a fishing
    industry supplying crustaceans to World markets,
    or insects pollinating crops throughout the
    World, or bees producing honey and wax, and
    silkworms producing silk, or the morbidity and
    mortality caused by vectors such as ticks and
    mosquitos, the World would be a much different
    place without them
  • Colony Collapse Disorder in the United States

13
More likely that not attribution to Einstein is
apocryphal
14
Phylum - Molluska
  • The phylum Molluska is the second largest of the
    animal phylum

15
Phylum - Molluska
  • The phylum Molluska is the second largest of the
    animal phylum
  • Mollusks are both terrestrial and marine

16
Phylum - Molluska
  • The phylum Molluska is the second largest of the
    animal phylum
  • Mollusks are both terrestrial and marine
  • Mollusks have organ level organization, they have
    bilateral symmetry. They are triploblastic,
    coelomate animals

17
Phylum - Molluska
  • The phylum Molluska is the second largest of the
    animal phylum
  • Mollusks are both terrestrial and marine
  • Mollusks have organ level organization, they have
    bilateral symmetry. They are triploblastic,
    coelomate animals
  • The body of mollusks is covered with a calcium
    shell and is unsegmented

18
Phylum - Molluska
  • Mollusks have a head, a muscular foot and a
    visceral hump (the visceral hump holds the bulk
    of the digestive, reproductive, excretory, and
    respiratory systems. A significant part of the
    visceral hump consists of the mantle)
  • The space between the hump and the mantle (the
    mantle cavity) contains the respiratory and
    excretory functions

19
Phylum - Molluska
  • The mouth contains a file-like rasping organ
    called a radula composed of rows of tiny teeth
    used for scraping and drawing into the mouth

20
Phylum - Molluska
  • The mouth contains a file-like rasping organ
    called a radula composed of rows of tiny teeth
    used for scraping and drawing into the mouth
  • Mollusks are diocious and oviparous

21
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22
Phylum - Echinodermata
  • Echinodermata have a endoskeleton composed of
    calcified ossicles hence the name which means
    spiny bodied

23
Phylum - Echinodermata
  • Echinodermata have a endoskeleton composed of
    calcified ossicles hence the name which means
    spiny bodied
  • All echinoderms are marine with an organ level
    system of organization, they are bilaterally
    symmetrical, triploblastic, coelomate animals
    with a complete digestive system

24
Phylum - Echinodermata
  • The most distinctive feature of echinoderms is
    the water vascular system which helps with
    locomotion, capture and transport of food and
    respiration

25
Phylum - Echinodermata
  • Echinoderms are diocious, reproduction is sexual
    with external fertilization

26
Phylum - Hemichordata
  • Formally a subphylum of Chordata however it is
    now considered its own phylum

27
Phylum - Hemichordata
  • Formally a subphylum of Chordata however it is
    now considered its own phylum
  • This phylum consists of a small group of
    worm-like marine organisms that exhibit bilateral
    symmetry, are triploblastic coelomates

28
Phylum - Hemichordata
  • Formally a subphylum of Chordata however it is
    now considered its own phylum
  • This phylum consists of a small group of
    worm-like marine organisms that exhibit bilateral
    symmetry, are triploblastic coelomates
  • There body is shaped like a cylinder with an
    anterior proboscis, a collar and a long trunk

29
Phylum - Hemichordata
  • Hemichordates are exceptionally important because
    they are an evolutionary link between the
    invertebrates and the vertebrates. They contain
    gill slits like vertebrates, with a notochord in
    the upper body but no nerve chord

30
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