The Struggle for Democracy in South Africa

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The Struggle for Democracy in South Africa
Apartheid
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HISTORY

• Cape of Good Hope 1st Euro settlement
• Route to Asia, good climate, arable land,
  resources
• Euros stayed along coast, natives moved inland
• Afrikaners/Boers Dutch farmers (17th cent)
• British (19th cent)

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• Tension arose b/c Boers used slaves
• 1868/1885 Diamonds gold discovered
• Competition for land resources led to
• Boer War (1899-1902) Brits defeat Afrikaners
• National Party (1910) Euro political party of
  S. Af.

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APARTHEID the separation of races

• Policy of National Party to maintain control over
  black majority
• White-minority rule (13)
• Deprived blacks of political rights, education,
  economic opportunity
• Homelands inferior lands for blacks (poverty)
  

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HOMELANDS
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Homelands non-whites were given less
economically-productive lands that were
segregated from the whites
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IDENTITY CARD SYSTEM
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APARTHEID RESISTANCE

• African National Congress (ANC)
• Black South Af. political party
• Nelson Mandela leader
• became a national symbol of resistance
• spent 27 yrs. in South Africas prisons

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ENDING APARTHEID

• 1986 Western nations imposed economic sanctions
• Trade barriers created to motivate political
  change
• White S. Af. business owners lost billions of
  
• Motivated change
• 1990 Mandela is freed

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• 1994 Universal suffrage!
• Nelson Mandela became president
• unity govt. converted South Africa into a truly
  democratic nation
• 1997 a new constitution completed the transition
  from white minority rule to democracy

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ECONOMY

• Most developed African country
• 25 of Afs economy
• Basis of wealth minerals
• Gold, diamonds, uranium, etc.

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URBAN GEOGRAPHY

• Major cities are still separated
• Rich white, poor black neighborhoods
• Integration has begun, but slowly

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MODERN PROBLEMS

• gt1/3 black South Africans unemployed
• ¼ live in inadequate housing
• 21.5 have Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV)
  highest in the world lack of education
  healthcare
• People cannot afford expensive drug treatment
• 2001 Govt. began distributing anti-AIDS drugs to
  pregnant mothers w/HIV

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• THATS IT!