Treated Effluent Reuse / Discharge Practices in Larnaca and Limassol

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Treated Effluent Reuse / Discharge Practices in
Larnaca and Limassol

• Evi Theopemptou

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Photo of Cyprus
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The Town of Larnaca
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Cyprus Statistics

• Annual rainfall 460 mm
• Capacity of dams 300 million m3
• Water demand per year 270 million m3
• Water demand for
• agriculture 70

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Total Effluent Production

• Now
• 5 urban WWTP operate
• 14,6 million m3 tertiary treated effluent
• produced yearly
• 8 of water demand for agriculture
• By 2020
• 7 WWTP will operate
• 42 million m3 tertiary treated effluent will be
  produced yearly
• 23 of water demand in agriculture

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Quality Characteristics

• Tertiary Treated Effluent

Irrigation (excluding vegetables) Sea outfall
BOD5 10 mg/l 10 mg/l
COD 70 mg/l 70 mg/l
SS 10 mg/l 10 mg/l
TN 15 mg/l 10 mg/l sea or sensitive areas
TP 10 mg/l 2 mg/l sea or sensitive areas
Chlorine residual 1 mg/l 0,5 mg/l
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Reuse Vs Discharge

• Reuse
• Agricultural production
• Increase green areas
• Golf course irrigation
• Avoid sea pollution
• _
• Storage Reservoirs
• Distribution costs
• Health risks

• Discharge
• No investment in reservoirs and distribution
  networks
• _
• Loss of natural and financial wealth
• Sea pollution

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Encouragement for re-use

• Pricing policy

Source of water Cost of production (including distribution) Selling price per m3 (including distribution)
Tertiary treated effluent (Larnaca WWTP) 0,173 0,04 for farmers 0,09 for green areas 0,12 for golf courses
Government network (dams and ground water) 0,11 variable now 0,11 by 2007 for all uses except green areas (0,20)
Ground water extraction from aquifers recharged with treated effluent ? 0,045 for all uses
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Limassol WWTP

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Limassol Reuse/Discharge Scheme 2004

• 25 km transfer main from the east to the west
  side of Limassol
• 2004 production 6,5 million m3
• 85 - irrigation of citrus plantations and fodder
  crops
• 15 - sea discharge

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Larnaca WWTP
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Larnaca Re-use scheme 2004

• 35 km irrigation mains operating under 9 atm
  pressure recycling 100 of effluent produced -
  1,50 million m3
• 1,10 million m3 (73) for fodder crops
• (clover and corn)
• 0,25 million m3 (17) for football grounds
• 0,15 million m3 (10) for hotel and municipal
  gardens

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Irrigated Corn Fields
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Irrigation with recycled water
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Thank you