Psychology 320: Psychology of Gender and Sex Differences October 7

1
Psychology 320 Psychology of Gender and Sex
DifferencesOctober 7 Lecture 13
2
Transformative Education Exploitation, Violence
and the Sexes ASTU400W
Term 2 Mondays 1 4pm

• How does it work?
• A student-led seminar (8-15 participants)
• We explore and teach each other the course
  material as a group

• What are we learning?
• Topics on exploitation and violence from the
  perspective of both sexes
• Each topic will have a male- and female-focused
  component
• Topics include trafficking, violence in
  religion, and violence in the media

• Interested?
• Email Gaylean Davies (course facilitator) at
  gaylean_at_hotmail.com
• Check out the SDS website http//studentdirecteds
  eminars.ubc.ca/2013-2014-seminars/

3
Office Hour InvitationsOctober 11, 1130-230,
Kenny 3102
20148128 24558116 29949138 30115109 51887107 60127
081 77792091
4
A little RR . (Review and Reflect)
5
Gender Stereotypes
1. What are the consequences of gender
stereotypes?
6
By the end of todays class, you should be able
to
1. distinguish between distinct forms of sexism.
2. identify measures of distinct forms of sexism.
3. identify sex differences in and correlates of
hostile sexism and benevolent sexism toward
women.
7
What are the consequences of gender stereotypes?
1. Sexism

• Refers to the positive/negative attitudes and
  affective reactions that people have toward
  others because of their sex.

• Forms of sexism toward women Traditional
  sexism (TS), modern sexism (MS), hostile sexism
  toward women (HS), benevolent sexism toward
  women (BS).

8

• TS and MS are assessed by the Modern Sexism
  Scale (MSS Swim et al., 1995).

9
Items from the MSS (Swim et al., 1995)
Traditional Sexism Women are generally not as
smart as men. I would be equally comfortable
having a woman as a boss as a man.It is more
important to encourage boys than to encourage
girls to participate in athletic
activities.Women are just as capable of thinking
logically as men.When both parents are employed
and their child gets sick at school, the school
should call the mother rather than the father.
Modern Sexism A. Antagonism Toward Womens
DemandsIt is easy to understand the anger of
womens groups in America.It is easy to
understand why womens groups are still concerned
about societal limitations of womens
opportunities.
Disagreement indicates sexism.
10
Modern Sexism, continuedB. Denial of
Continuing Discrimination Discrimination against
women is no longer a problem in the United
States. Women often miss out on good jobs due to
sexual discrimination.It is rare to see women
treated in a sexist manner on television.On
average, people in our society treat husbands and
wives equally. Society has reached a point where
women and men have equal opportunities for
achievement.C. Resentment About Special Favors
for WomenOver the past few years, the government
and news media have been showing more concern
about the treatment of women than is warranted by
womens actual experiences.
Disagreement indicates sexism.
Note r between TS and MS.54.
11

• HS and BS are assessed by the Ambivalent Sexism
  Inventory (ASI Glick and Fiske, 1996).

12
Your Questionnaire ASI(Glick and Fiske, 1996)

• Score 1 Hostile sexism toward women score (HS).

• Score 2 Benevolent sexism toward women score
  (BS).

13
ASI Descriptive Statistics(Glick and Fiske,
1996)
Scale Score Range Mean for Females Mean for Males
HS 0-5 1.73 (SD.84) 2.38 (SD.78)
BS 0-5 2.20 (SD.84) 2.53 (SD.74)

• Cronbachs alphas, HS, BS .80, .77.

• Correlations between HS and BS .31 (males),
  .45 (females).

14

• Glick et al. (2000) administered the ASI to
  participants in 19 countries (e.g., Australia,
  Botswana, Cuba, Germany, Japan, the
  Netherlands, South Korea, US)

(a) HS and BS are positively correlated with one
another.
(b) Males obtain higher scores on HS than
females.
15
(c) Males obtain higher scores on BS than
females.
(d) HS and BS scores among males are positively
correlated with HS and BS scores among females.
(e) National scores on HS and BS among males and
females are negatively correlated with national
scores on gender equality.
16
Correlations Between ASI Averages and National
Indices of Gender Equality(Glick et al., 2000)
ASI Subscale GDI GEM
Mens Averages Mens Averages Mens Averages
HS -.47 -.53
BS -.40 -.43
Womens Averages Womens Averages Womens Averages
HS .03 -.38
BS -.32 -.42
GDIGender Development Index (longevity,
literacy, purchasing power)GEMGender
Empowerment Measure (professional positions,
purchasing power, parliament seats)plt.05,
plt.10 (marginally significant)
17
By the end of todays class, you should be able
to
1. distinguish between distinct forms of sexism.
2. identify measures of distinct forms of sexism.
3. identify sex differences in and correlates of
hostile sexism and benevolent sexism toward
women.