The first census of the United States was taken in 1790, then the population of America was around 4 million people, and most of these individuals lived East of the Appalachian Mountains.

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• The first census of the United States was taken
  in 1790, then the population of America was
  around 4 million people, and most of these
  individuals lived East of the Appalachian
  Mountains.

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• In 1820, thirty years after the first census the
  population more than doubled, to approximately 10
  million people, and more than 2 million of these
  individuals lived West of the Appalachians.

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Traveling West

• It took nearly 3 weeks and 363 miles to travel
  from New York City to Buffalo
• Everything that pioneers owned would be packed in
  a wagon.

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Roads and Turnpikes

• Private companies built turnpikes, or toll roads
  the fees travelers paid to use these roads
  helped to pay for construction
• Ohio joined the union in 1803, they needed a
  route that connected them to the east coast.
• Congress approved funds to build a National Road,
  it stretched from Cumberland, Maryland to
  Vandalia, Illinois.

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River Travel

• River travel was far more comfortable than
  traveling over bumpy roads
• Traveling rivers had only two problems
• Most major rivers flowed in an North-South
  direction.
• Two traveling up stream by barge against the
  current was extremely difficult and slow

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River Travel

• Steam engines were already being built in the
  1780s and 1790s, but these boats did not have
  the power to withstand strong currents and winds
• In 1802 Robert Fulton was hired to develop a
  steamboat that could carry passengers and cargo
  up the Hudson River to New York

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The Clermont

• By 1807 the Clermont was ready for trial
• The boat could go from Albany to New York in 32
  hours, normally this trip would have taken 4
  days.
• The Clermont offered great comfort and speed.
• Shipping goods became cheaper and faster
• Steamboats also contributed to the growth of
  River cities like Cincinnati and St. Louis

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Canals

• DeWitt Clinton came up with a plan to link New
  York City with the Great Lakes they would build
  a canal Connecting Albany on the Hudson River
  with Buffalo on Lake Erie.
• Thousands of laborers many of them Irish built
  the 363-mile Erie Canal.

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The Erie Canal

• The Erie Canal opened on October 26, 1825, the
  East and Midwest was now joined.
• The Canal consisted of a series of locks that
  raised and lowered boats at places where canal
  levels changed.
• At first steamboats were not allowed, instead
  teams of mules or horses hauled boats and barges.

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The Erie Canal

• A two horse team could pull a 100-ton barge about
  24 miles a day
• In the 1840s the canal banks were reinforced to
  accommodate steam tugboats
• By the 1850s the United States had more than
  3,600 miles of canal
• Canals lowered the cost of shipping and united
  the growing country

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Western Settlement

• Americans moved westward in waves
• The first wave, between 1791-1803, led to the
  admission of four states Vermont, Kentucky,
  Tennessee, and Ohio
• The second wave, between 1816-1821,led to the
  admission of Indiana, Illinois, Mississippi,
  Alabama and Missouri

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Western Settlement

• Pioneer families tended to settle in communities
  along the great rivers, such as the Ohio and
  Mississippi
• With the expansion of canals, families began to
  live farther away from the rivers
• People also tended to settle with others from
  their home community, for example Indiana was
  primarily settled by pioneers from Kentucky and
  Tennessee

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Western Settlement

• Western families often gathered together for
  social events like wrestling, quilting and sewing
  parties, and corn husking
• Life in the West did not include the conveniences
  of Eastern town life
• The population in the West continued to grow in
  the years to come

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The Era of Good Feeling

• The war of 1812 helped forge a sense of national
  unity, this led to little political division in
  the United States.
• In the 1816 presidential election, James Monroe,
  faced little opposition.
• As political differences began to fade away the
  Boston newspaper called these years the Era of
  Good Feeling.

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James Monroe

• Monroe wore breeches and powdered wigs a style
  no longer in fashion
• Early in his presidency he toured the nation,
  which no president had done since George
  Washington
• In 1820 Monroe won reelection, winning all but
  one electoral vote

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