The Nation Breaking Apart

1
Chapter 15

• The Nation Breaking Apart
• 1846-1861

2
Economic and Social Differences

• South Controlled by a small number of wealthy
  planters. The Economy is based on agriculture.
  Cotton exports drive the economy.
• Most southerners did not own slaves and were
  poor. Slavery kept them off of the bottom of
  society.
• There was very little industry in the south.

3
Economic and Social Differences

• North Cities with manufacturing industries
  drive the northern economy.
• The east and north had vast amounts of roads,
  canals, railroads. Not so in the south.
• Immigration from Europe led to growth in cities
  and overall population

4
Economy of the South and North

• Agricultural South

• Industrial North

5
The Compromise of 1850

• Conflict over whether the lands of the Mexican
  Cession would be slave or free led to the need
  for another compromise.
• The key points of Henry Clays plan
• 1. To keep the north happy California would be
  admitted as a free state, and the slave trade
  would end in Washington D.C..
• 2. The keep the south happy congress would allow
  the rest of the won territory to decide for
  themselves whether to be slave or free. A
  fugitive slave law would be passed requiring the
  return of all escaped slaves.

6
Henry Clay
7
Fugitive Slave Act of 1850

• An 1850 law that help recapture escaped slaves.
• Northerner were required by law to aid in the
  recapture, which was something many opposed on
  moral grounds.

8
Uncle Toms Cabin

• A novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe
• The book is the fictional tale of Tom and his
  life under three owners.
• It was very popular in the north (abolitionist)
  and considered false and negative in the south.

9
Uncle Toms CabinIllusrates the evils of
slavery

• Harriet Beecher Stowe

10
Kansas Nebraska Act

• Divided the Nebraska Territory into two
  territories Nebraska and Kansas
• Allowed the people of the territories to decide
  whether to be slave or free (popular
  sovereignty).
• This would repeal the Missouri Compromise.
• The act was approved.
• Pro-free and Pro-slave groups enter the area to
  influence the decision. The area was called
  BLEEDING KANSAS because of the violence.
• Fighting ever occurred in the U.S. senate.

11
The Republican Party 1854

• Because of the Kansas and Nebraska act the WHIG
  PARTY split.
• Northern WHIGS who opposed slavery, formed the
  REPUBLICAN Party.
• Because of the problems in Kansas many people in
  the north supported the new party.
• The 1856 election showed that the Republicans had
  power although they did not win, they were
  growing in support. The election also showed a
  split in the nation over slavery.

12
Dred Scott Case

• Scott sued for his freedom because he had live in
  area where slavery was illegal.
• Then he return to a slave area (Missouri)
• After he owners death he sued saying because he
  had lived in a free area he should be free.
• The Supreme Court decided the following
• 1. Scott was not a citizen and could not sue in
  U.S. courts
• 2. When he was in free areas he was still the
  property of his owner
• 3. BIG ONE The Chief Justice Roger B. Taney
  argued that the Congress could not ban slavery in
  a territory. Because it violated the property
  rights of slave holders.

13
Dred Scott
14
Lincoln and Douglas Debated

• A series of debated between Abraham Lincoln and
  Stephen Douglas
• The debates are models for political debate
• A house divided against itself cannot stand A.
  Lincoln

15
Lincoln and Douglas Debated
16
John Browns Raid

• John Brown leads a raid on Harpers Ferry
• Va. to capture Army weapons to arm slaves.
• He is stopped and later hung. He was a hero for
  those opposed to slavery and a villain to
  southerners.

17
John Brown
18
The election of 1860

• Lincoln runs as the Republican candidate
• Douglas N. Democratic
• Breckenridge S. Democratic
• Bell Union
• Lincoln was not on the ballot in the south, and
  if he won southern states would likely secede.
• Lincoln wins!!!!!!! Secession Begins!!!!!

19
The Confederate States of America

• In 1860 states began to leave the union
• 1860 Dec. South Carolina
• 1861 Miss., Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana,
  and Texas
• Formed the Confederate States of America
• With Jefferson Davis as President
• Efforts to compromise failed

20
Chapter 16

• The Civil War begins 1861-1862

21
First shots at Fort Sumter

• April 12th 1861, Southern forces fire on Fort
  Sumter off the coast of Charleston, South
  Carolina.
• After 34 hours of shelling the Union forces under
  Major Richard Anderson surrendered the fort. No
  one was killed in the attack.

22
Other states leave the Union

• Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina
• Non seceding border states
• Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri

23
Confederate General Robert E. Lee

• May 1861 he leaves the Union army to serve his
  home state of Virginia.
• He was the commander of the Army of Northern
  Virginia
• Confederate President Jefferson Davis

24
General Robert E. Lee
25
Compare North and South

• Northern population 22 million
• (South had 9 million 3.5mil. were slaves)
• North had 71 of all railroads
• (South had 29 of all railroads)
• North had 85 of manufacturing plants
• (South had 15 of manufacturing plants)
• North had 92 of industrial workers
• (South had 8 of industrial workers)

26
Confederate (southern) Plan

• Defend southern lands and wait for the north to
  accept southern independence.
• Use cotton exports to gain support in Europe
  KING COTTON. Although Europe did not wish to get
  involved
• Later the plan change to one of winning big
  victories to destroy Union morale and end the war.

27
Union (northern) Plan

• The Anaconda Plan- squeeze by ocean blockade,
  capture of the Miss. River and land invasion.
  The south would be smothered economically no
  trade from Europe and no supplies from other
  trade sources. It would take a long time to
  complete. Some wanted to win with quicker more
  costly land battles.

28
The Anaconda Plan
29
1st Battle of Bull Run (Manassas)

• Southern Victory
• Confederate General P.G.T. Beauregard
• defeated Union General Irvin Mc Dowell
• The Northern troops were near victory when a
  second wave of Southern troops entered the battle
  sending the union boys running in retreat. (first
  heard the REBEL YELL!!!)

30
Who Fought the war??

• 2 million Northern Men and Boys
• 1million Southern Men and Boys
• The conditions were very bad, hygiene was poor
  leading to illness and death. Improved weapons
  led to increases in numbers wounded and killed.
  The south especially suffer from a lack of the
  most basic medical and military supplies.

31
New Technologies of War

• The RIFLE replaced the musket. Shooting long and
  more accurate distances.
• Iron Clad ships could take a pounding with little
  or no damage examples The Monitor (Northern) and
  the Merrimack(Southern) who battled off the coast
  of Virginia 1862

32
The Battle of Shiloh

• Fought April 6th 1862, in Tennessee between the
  Confederates under Gen. Albert S. Johnston the
  Union troops under Gen. Ulysses S. Grant.
• Both sides thought they could have a victory, but
  Gen. Johnston was killed and Grant brought in
  fresh troops to forces the Confed. to retreat.
• UNION VICTORY FOR GRANT

33
Other Battles in 1862

• New Orleans is capture by the Union, April 25,
  1862. But Confederate troops still controlled
  the Miss. River by holding Vicksburg, Miss.
• Southern General Lee defeat Union General Mc
  Clellan at the Seven days Battle on June 25th to
  July1, 1862.
• In August 1862 South wins 2nd battle at Bull Run

34
Bloody Battle at Antietam

• Hoping to force peace Gen. Lee invaded the north.
• Using captured battle plans McClellan attacked
  Lee at Antietam Creek, 25,000 Americans were
  killed in one day of fighting. Lee retreated
  but, McClellan did not follow him. Lincoln fired
  McClellan for not destroying Lee when he had the
  chance.

35
Chapter 17

• The Tide of War Turns 1863-1865

36
Reminder of Union and Confederate leaders

• U.S. President Abraham Lincoln
• U.S. General Ulysses S. Grant
• Confederate President Jefferson Davis
• Confederate General Robert E. Lee

37
Civil War leaders North and SouthU.S. President
Abraham Lincoln, U.S. General Ulysses S. Grant
Confederate President Jefferson Davis ,
Confederate General Robert E. Lee
38
The Emancipation Proclamation 1863

• Many including Frederick Douglass had pushed for
  Lincoln to free the slaves.
• He was slow to do so.
• But, to weaken the south, he took action after
  Lees defeat at Antietam.
• He issues the Emancipation Proclamation on
  January 1, 1863. Freeing all slaves in slave
  territories, but not the border states this would
  happen gradually.

39
The Emancipation Proclamation 1863
40
Reaction

• Some in the North were not in favor
• Abolitionist did not feel it when far enough
• Union soldiers were happy because it hurt the
  south.
• The south was in a rage !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

41
African American Soldiers enlist

• For the first time African Americans enter the
  war as soldiers. The were not treated as equals.
• The 54th Massachusetts was formed

42
Southern Problems

• States Rights kept even the Confederate states
  for being able to cooperate.
• People disliked law of Conscription (DRAFT) on
  both sides. All able bodies men 18 to 45
• Economically the south had very high prices,
  money with little value and people barely able to
  survive.
• Milk 10.00 a quart, Eggs 6.00 a dozen
• And so on

43
Women in the War

• They worked as nurses
• Spies
• Some fought
• Most work at home in the war effort. Running
  farms and work in work related industries

44
ImportantThe Battle of Gettysburg

• The Turning Point of the War!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
• Several loses led to several command changes for
  the Union.
• The Battle of Gettysburg July 1 July 3 1863
• 90,000 Union troop fought 75,000 Confederate
  troops at Gettysburg Penn.
• On July 3rd Lee order Gen. George Pickett to
  attack the Union center with 13,000 men.
  Picketts Charge failed to brake the Union line.
• Southern forces retreated with 28,000 men killed
  or wounded. The winning Union army under Gen.
  George Mead had 23,000 killed or wounded.
• THIS WAS THE BEGINNING OF THE END FOR THE SOUTH

45
Picketts Charge
46
Siege of Vicksburg

• July 4, 1863 Gen. U.S. Grant defeated Confederate
  forces and gained control of the Miss. River.
• Grant had started his siege in May, and the
  Confederates only surrendered when they were
  totally out of supplies. No more food.
• Union controlled the ocean, Miss. River and land.
  The Anaconda plan was successful

47
Siege of Vicksburg
48
Shermans TOTAL WAR

• Gen. Sherman pursues the confederates pushing to
  the coast and up the southern coast.
• Total War destroy all that would benefit the
  south crops, train tracks, buildings etc
• Across Georgia a area 60miles by 300miles was
  totally destroyed

49
Election of 1864

• Lincoln defeated former Gen. George Mc Clellan
  to win a second term.
• 55 present of the vote went to Lincoln

50
Grants Va. Campaign

• Battles Wilderness, Cold Harbor, Petersburg
• Grant captured the Confederate Capitol at
  Richmond Va. On April3 1864

51
Surrender at Appomattox

• April 9, 1865
• Gen. Robert E. Lee surrendered to U.S. Gen. Grant
  at Appomattox Court House Virginia.
• Grants terms of surrender were very generous.
• WAR WAS ENDED!!

52
Treaty Signing at Appomattox Court House Virginia.
53
Killed and Wounded

• 360,000 Union died
• 260,000 Confederate died
• 275,000 additional wounded Union
• 260,000 additional wounded Confederate
• 3,000,000,000 total Americans in service

54
Ending Slavery

• Because the Emancipation Proclamation
• did not end slavery in all of America,
  Congress was urged by Lincoln to END SLAVERY
• The 13th Amendment was passed banning slavery

55
Lincolns Assassination

• Lincoln was shot by John Wilkes Booth
• At Fords Theatre five days after the surrender.

56
Consequences of the War

• The Federal government was superior.
• Industry grew in the north because of the war
• The south would have to be rebuilt

57
Chapter 18

• Reconstruction

58
Reconstruction1865 - 1877

• Freedmens Bureau A government agency that
  provide help for freed slaves. food, clothing,
  schools, hospitals in the former confederacy
• Black Codes restrictive law that limited
  freedoms for former slaves in the south.

59
Amendments

• The 13th Amendment amendment that abolished
  slavery.
• The 14th Amendment protected the rights of U.S.
  Citizenship for blacks as well as white.
• The 15th Amendment guarantees the right to vote
  for all male citizens regardless of race