Organic chemistry for medicine and biology students

1

• Organic chemistry for medicine and biology
  students
• Chem 2311
• Chapter 1
• Introduction
• By Prof. Dr.
• Adel M. Awadallah
• Islamic University of Gaza

2

• Ionic Compounds
• They are formed by the transfer of one or more
  valence electrons from one atom to another
• Electropositive atoms give up electrons and form
  cations.
• Electronegative atoms accept electrons and form
  anions
• Ionic compounds are composed of positively
  charged cations and negatively charged cations

3

• Covalent compounds
• A covalent bond is formed when two atoms share
  one or more electron pairs. A molecule consists
  of two or more atoms joined by covalent bonds
• Bond energy is the energy necessary to break a
  mole (6.022 x 1023)of covalent bonds.
• Bond length is the average distance between two
  covalently bonded atoms

4

• Valence and bonding in organic compounds

5

• Polarity of Bonds depends on the
  electronegativity difference

6

• Examples

7

• Isomers different compounds having the same
  molecular formula

8

• Abbreviated structural formulas

9

• Formal Charges are the charges that each atom
  carries, and can be calculated as follows
• Formal charge Valence electrons bonds
  electrons
• Example
• Resonance arises whenever we can write two or
  more structures for a molecule with different
  arrangements of electrons but identical
  arrangement of atoms

10

• Arrows

11

• Classification of organic compounds according to
  functional groups