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CLIMATE CHANGE IN PERUVIAN PERSPECTIVE

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CLIMATE CHANGE IN PERUVIAN PERSPECTIVE Renzo Mendoza Castro This is PERU and so is THIS Background notes Population : 27 926 000 (July 2005) Third largest ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: CLIMATE CHANGE IN PERUVIAN PERSPECTIVE


1
CLIMATE CHANGE IN PERUVIAN PERSPECTIVE
  • Renzo Mendoza Castro

2
This is PERU
3
and so is THIS
4
Background notes
  • Population 27 926 000 (July 2005)
  • Third largest country in South America
  • IPPC One of the most vulnerable to climate
    change
  • Biodiversity hot spot (Amazon Basin)
  • Abundant natural resources
  • Climate variability
  • Seasonal Agriculture
  • Poor. Its economy is growing with increasing
    inequality

5
Understanding Peruvian Climate
  • Three geographical regions Coast, Highlands, and
    Jungle.
  • Different altitudes and various sea currents
    affect climate creating ecological stages
  • El Niño phenomenon
  • Warm equatorial sea current disrupts climate
    patterns heavy rains in the coast and drought in
    the highlands.
  • 1983 30 drop in primary sectors

6
Economic and Political Background
  • Economic Instability
  • Terrorism during the 80s
  • Structural Adjustment / Liberalization during the
    90s
  • Elimination of subsidies to fossil fuels
  • Privatization of power generation and
    distribution
  • Promotion of natural gas use
  • Deregulation of Public Ground transportation
    services and import of used vehicles
  • Quasi-dictatorship of Fujimori

7
GDP Good News at the Macro-level
  • Source Peruvian Reserve Central Bank
  • 2005 GDP (PPP) 168.9 billion
  • 5.6 growth

8
Not Felt at a Micro-level
  • Widespread unemployment
  • 54 population under poverty line in 2003
  • Rural exodus. Urban population increased from 35
    to 70 from 1940 to 1993
  • Economic growth corresponds to an increase in
    Inequality

9
Primary sectors
  • Dominated by the Service Sector
  • Services (including commerce) 65
  • Industry 27
  • Agriculture 8

10
Energy Mix
  • Nuclear 0
  • Hydroelectric 9.4
  • Other Renewable 33.1
  • Biomass 33.1
  • Wind Negligible
  • Fossil Fuels 56
  • Coal 3
  • Oil 45
  • Nat. Gas 5

Source WRI
11
GHG Emissions Profile
  • CO2 is the largest GHG
  • Fuel Combustion and change of land use and
    forestry are major sources
  • Methane is also prominent
  • Agriculture is major source

Source CONAM. First GHG inventory
12
GHG Emission in comparison
Source CONAM
Per capita energy consumption is also low in
South American standards
13
Climate Change Institutional Framework
  • Three Main Institutions
  • National Environmental Council - CONAM (1995)
  • The Environmental Authority in Peru
  • Rules National Environmental Policies
  • Focal Point of UNFCCC and the Designated National
    Authority (DNA) for CDM
  • Environmental Fund Peru - FONAM (1997)
  • Non-profit institution of public and social
    interest
  • Aims to promote private investment on
    environmental projects as well as to identify the
    sources of financing
  • The National Commission on Climate Change
  • Presided by the CONAM
  • Public and private institutional members
  • In charge of the application of the UNFCCC and
    the Kyoto Agreements
  • Designs the National Strategy on Climate Change

14
Environmental Legislation
  • Environment and Natural Resources Code (1991)
  • Preventive policies for environmental protection
  • Law for Environmental Impact Assessment (2002)
  • Air Quality Standards Code (2002)
  • General Environmental Law (2005)
  • Sets National Environmental Policy and Management
  • Ties together all previous legislation

15
Vulnerability
  • As indicated by CONAM and IPCCs Working Group
    II
  • Biodiversity
  • Glaciers
  • Coastal and Marine Ecosystems
  • Public Health
  • Seasonal Agriculture
  • Extreme events

16
National Strategy on Climate Change (NSCC)
  • Incorporating Climate Change into development
    process
  • Reduce impacts of CC through integrated
    assessments of vulnerability and adaptation in
    specific sectors
  • Identifying gaps
  • Gaps prioritization
  • Design and execute PROCLIM

17
PROCLIM
  • To strengthen national capabilities for
    effective performance of the resources in
    prioritized geographic areas.

18
Inventories Mitigation and CDM in Peru
  • 7 institutions working in 2000 GHG inventory
  • Design of a system for continuous update
  • CDM implementation
  • DNA already in place
  • Specialized institution for promotion
  • 3 projects approved and 4 in process
  • Project Portfolio in place 30 MM tons of
    reduction in 10 years

19
Supranational Agreements
  • UNFCCC
  • Ratified in 1993
  • Kyoto Protocol
  • Ratified in 2002 as a non-Annex I country

20
Analysis of Position
  • Third Image
  • Signatory of the Amazon Cooperation Treaty of
    1978
  • Influence of Brazil common but differentiated
    responsibilities
  • Second Image
  • High vulnerability
  • Climate sensitive economy
  • High cost of cutting emissions
  • CDM provides
  • Managing emission costs
  • Poverty alleviation
  • Technology transfer
  • Benefits for local air quality
  • Decentralization efforts at the base of the
    National Strategy on Climate Change

21
The future
  • Remains extremely vulnerable to adverse impacts
    of Climate Change
  • Permanence within Kyoto would ensure further
    reductions through CDM
  • Unlikely to relinquish the economic benefits from
    Kyoto
  • Peru has already designed an institutional
    strategy to promote projects eligible for CDM
  • Peru wants investment and technology transfer
  • For investors studies show that Peru still
    offers numerous areas of high marginal reductions
    per investment.
  • Not likely to enter Annex-1 for the post-2012
    period
  • Peru will push for the prevalence of no
    reductions commitments for developing nations
  • Camisea Project will ensure further emissions
    reductions from the switch to natural gas
  • Could engage in voluntary reductions in an effort
    to appease those who argue for stricter
    commitments for developing nations
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