CCAS 3381 AUTOMOTIVE SKILL I

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CCAS 3381 AUTOMOTIVE SKILL I

• OPERATION, SERVICING, MAINTENANCE OTHER ISSUES

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OBJECTIVES

• To understand safety issues in the operation,
  servicing and maintenance of the car
• To gain exposure to the basic tools used in the
  servicing and maintenance of the car
• To know some materials such as parts or
  components required in the car servicing and
  maintenance

Lecture 1 hour 15 mins Workshop tour 45 mins
(See T-table)
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OPERATION (1)

• Basic operation costs
• Standing Costs
• Fixed - road tax, number plate, driving license
• Variable - insurance (type of car, type of
  insurance required drivers record),
  depreciation
• Running Costs
• Petrol - careful driving and regular maintenance
  may reduce this while a lot of harsh, stop-start
  driving, particularly in towns, increase use

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OPERATION (2)

• Basic operation costs
• Running Costs
• If the consumption suddenly rises, your engine
  may need attention
• Tyres - careful driving may extend their lives
  while incorrect inflation, bumping kerb fierce
  acceleration shorten their lives, rapid uneven
  wear indicate mechanical defects
• Oil
• Servicing - servicing includes oil change, oil
  filter change, air-filter

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OPERATION (3)

• Basic operation costs
• Running Costs
• Servicing - servicing includes oil Many servicing
  jobs are based on time rather than on mileage
  (Refer to the Vehicle Manual).
• Servicing is needed to keep the car in good
  running conditions as well as to give a chance to
  inspect the car and take steps to prevent trouble
  before it occurs.
• Repairs

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OPERATION (4)

• Basic operation costs
• Insurance
• Every motorist must be insured. However careful a
  driver is normally, he or she can still have
  monetarily have a lapse and cause an accident.
• Basic principles are simple the motorist (1st
  Party) pays the insurer (2nd Party) a sum of
  money (premium) the insurer agrees in return to
  pay out in certain circumstances (for instance,
  if he or she has an accident). Anyone else who
  may be involved is called the 3rd Party.
• The procedures include
• The motorist fills up proposal form with details
  of himself or herself and the car to be insured.
• The insurer examines the proposal form and
  decides the premium and scope of the cover.
• Upon payment of the 1st premium, the motorist is
  given temporary cover note which certifies that
  the driver has the minimum required insurance and
  which details the cover provided.
• Insurer provides the policy and permanent
  certificate of insurance valid for the period of
  coverage, normally a year.
• If the motorist loses the certificate he or she
  has to inform the insurer.
• If he or she gets a new car, a new certificate
  that relates to the new car must be obtained.
• There are a few types of coverage as follows.
• Road Traffic Act Policy bare minimum required
  by the law to allow motorist to drive. Under this
  policy, the insurer will pay anyone who can
  establish a legal claim against you and will meet
  the cost of emergency medical treatment to the
  injured persons.
• 3rd Party Only Policy in addition to the basic
  cover by the law, claims for damage to other
  peoples property is included.
• 3rd Party, Fire and Theft Policy this policy
  extends coverage to give compensation if the
  policy-holders car is damaged or destroyed by
  fire, or stolen. The motorist is asked to state
  the current value of his or her car. He or she
  will receive an amount equivalent to the market
  value at the time of loss, which is normally
  less.
• Comprehensive bought by most policy-holders and
  it includes compensation for damage to the
  policy-holders own car as well as the benefits
  of the 3rd Party, Fire and Theft Policy.
• Better policy may be issued to mature drivers
  with good claim-free records. Always shop around
  and discuss the coverage and details of the
  policy with the insurer. Some extras that can be
  added to the basic insurance policies for an
  additional premium may include
• Replacement car
• Personal injuries

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SERVICING (1)

• Car service procedure
• Inspection
• Diagnosis
• Repair
• Quality check
• Six steps in a car repair job
• Measuring
• Disassembling
• Machining
• Installing new, rebuilt, or serviced part
• Reassembling
• Adjusting

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SERVICING (1)

• Getting a Car
• The car should not be chosen for merely look,
  performance and comfort. Other considerations
  include fuel consumption, ease of maintenance,
  insurance value, price of spare parts and ability
  to hold its price against other car.
• If you are buying a used car, what is being
  bought in a used car is the life left in that
  car. The cost of running a used car is greater
  than that of running a new car. Standing charges
  like interest on loan, depreciation, insurance
  premium, etc. may be low but this saving will be
  very much less than the extra cost of servicing,
  repairs or replacement parts.
• Depreciation
• Consider the case where you may sell your car for
  the same price that you paid initially however,
  your replacement car costs 15 more. The effect
  on your bank account is as if your sold car was
  worth 15 less. This is in addition to loss of
  interest on capital or loan. A prestigious car
  may depreciate to an affordable second-hand
  price, but the new parts to repair and maintain
  it will not follow suit.
• What You Should Look
• The following items may be used to check youre a
  used-car to ensure that it is sound. However,
  they may also be used to check your existing car.
  It is also recommended to get the car inspected
  by Puspakom (may already be carried out by the
  dealer). Refer to Fig. 4.1 for illustrations.
• Crash Damage
• Look along each side for poor repair work
• Center the steering wheel and look for suspicious
  out-of-alignment wheels
• Engine
• The engine should accelerate smoothly and should
  not generate undue or specific noises and does
  not emit blue or black smoke from the exhaust
  when idling or accelerating. These are
  indications that it is in a reasonable condition.
  
• Insist on a 15-minute test drive and stand the
  car on a clean surface
• Look for severe oil drops especially excess oil
  which may be hidden under accumulated dirt
• Gearbox
• For a manual car, test each gear on the over-run
  and see if the car jumps out of gear.
• Battery
• See that the battery is clean.
• If the sides and top show signs of swelling, the
  battery will soon have to be replaced.

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• Structural Corrosion
• Look for weakened sub-frame mountings, jacking
  points or suspension mountings.
• If a pit or hoist is available, see underneath
  the car and look for holes or heavy rust
  particularly in seams or crevices.
• Floor
• Lift the carpets and under-felt to examine the
  floor for rust or damp.
• Rust
• Examine the sides and bottoms of doors, body
  sills below the doors and the front and rear
  wings joints and surface areas for rust as
  extensive rusting is costly to repair.
• Some paint bubbles may indicate imminent
  troubles.
• Suspension Dampers
• Press hard on each wing of the car and let go
  it should go up beyond its original position and
  down again and then return to the static
  position. Continuous bouncing, clonking noise or
  oil leaks from the dampers indicate faulty
  suspension dampers.
• Brakes
• Try the brake pedal to see how far it travels
  before it operates the brakes. Excessive travel
  indicates that the brakes need adjustment.
• The brake pedal should feel firm when it is
  pressed down to put the brakes full on.
• Apply the brakes sharply at about 50 km/h and
  ensure that the car stops in a straight line. If
  it does not or the brakes judder, repairs may be
  needed.
• Look for corroded handbrake cables and linkage.
• Front Wheels
• Jack up each front wheel in turn, grasp it at the
  top and bottom and move it backwards and
  forwards. More than 1 2 mm movement may
  indicate worn bearings, kin-pins or swivel-pins.
• Spin each wheel and look for abnormal tyre wear.
• Ensure quiet bearings and brakes are free.

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THE END
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