ENERGY TRANSFER IN ECOSYSTEMS Unit Target: Research ways in which organsisms in an ecosystem get the materials and energy they need.

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ENERGY TRANSFER IN ECOSYSTEMSUnit Target
Research ways in which organsisms in an ecosystem
get the materials and energy they need.
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• In the last unit we learned that some organisms
  capture the energy of the sun and turn it into a
  usable form- glucose.
• In this unit we studied the flow of energy from
  the sun to producers and consumers.
• Producers and consumers must release the energy
  stored in glucose in a process called cellular
  respiration in order to form ATP.

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Learning Target Define a food web (Knowledge)

• True or False?
• A food web can best be described as the
  interconnected feeding relationships in an
  ecosystem.
• True

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• True or False?
• The original source of energy for a food web is
  ATP.
• False Sunlight

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• Energy
• a. Is used by plants to grow
• b. Is used by animals for daily activities
• c. Is the ability to do work
• d. All of the above
• Answer d

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Which column of words represents abiotic factors
in an environment?

• A
• Abiotic
• Sunlight
• Water
• Soil
• Rocks
• Atmospheric gases

• B
• Biotic
• Plants
• Animals
• Fungi
• Bacteria
• Protists

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True or False?

• Biotic factors in an environment are dependant on
  the abiotic factors?
• True- For example, a human (biotic) is mostly
  made of water (abiotic) and uses oxygen (abiotic)
  for cellular respiration.

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• On the next slide match components of a food web
  with their correct description.

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Primary producer Breaks down organic matter
Herbivore Meat eating Omnivore Uses
solar energy to make its
own food Carnivore Plant and
meat eating Detritivore Eats dead
carcasses Scavenger Eats organic matter
Decomposer Plant eating
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Match components of a desert food web with
specific examples.

• Primary producer
• Herbivore
• Carnivore
• Scavenger
• Decomposer

• Jack Rabbit
• Bacteria
• Buzzard
• Cactus
• Coyote

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Learning Target Interpret a food web for an
ecosystem. (Reasoning)
Is this a diagram of a food chain or a food
web? Food chain- because it is a linear
sequence of eating relationships. How many
trophic levels are in this food chain? 4-
producer, herbivore, carnivore, decomposer
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Is the snail a primary producer? No- it is an
herbivore If the shrimp population decreases
what organism will be most affected? Sandpiper.
They only eat shrimp. The mallard and egret eat
other organisms.
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Are there any omnivores in this food web? Yes-
The mallard is an example. It eats terrestrial
plants and shrimp. What organism not pictured
would recycle the nutrients contained in the
owl? A decomposer.
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What term describes the trophic level of the
grasshopper? Second level consumer What do the
arrows in a food web represent? The direction
energy flows in a food web.
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Learning Target Examine the flow of energy in
an ecosystem. (skill)

• Which of the following is not a type of
  ecological pyramid?
• Energy pyramid
• Food web pyramid
• Biomass pyramid
• Numbers pyramid
• b.

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Name the energy level.
4
3
2
1
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How many trophic levels are shown in this
pyramid? 5 What percent of energy is available
to the green fish? 0.1
How does the snail use most of its energy? For
respiration, movement and reproduction.
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True or False? 90 of the energy in a trophic
level is lost as heat. True.
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Learning Target Define cellular respiration.
(Knowledge)

• True or False?
• Cellular respiration releases energy from food.
• True
• The type of energy formed during cellular
  respiration is glucose.
• False- ATP

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• The two types of cellular respiration are
  _______________and _____________.
• Anaerobic and Aerobic

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Learning Target Interpret a diagram of cellular
respiration. (skill)
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4
1
2
5
7.
3.
6.
8.
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• The two reactants of aerobic cellular respiration
  are ( glucose / pyruvate )
• and ( oxygen / water ).

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• Which is the correct equation for aerobic
  cellular respiration?
• a. 6O2 C6H12O6 ----? 6CO2 6H2O Energy
• b. 6O2 C6H12O6 Energy ----? 6CO2 6H2O
• c. 6CO2 6H2O ----? 6O2 C6H12O6 Energy
• 6CO2 6H2O Energy ----? 6O2 C6H12O6
• a.
• What type of energy is produced by cellular
  respiration?
• ATP and heat

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• When (carbon dioxide / oxygen ) is not present
  after glycolosis, the cell will carry out
  anaerobic respiration which can also be called (
  fermentation / photosynthesis ).

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Which type of fermentation is it?

• Pyruvic acid NADH -? alcohol CO2 NAD
• Alcohol fermentation
• Pyruvic acid NADH -? lactic acid NAD
• Lactic acid fermentation
• Which fermentation results in sore muscles?
• Lactic acid- muscles dont work well when they
  dont get oxygen and are bathed in lactic acid.

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Learning Target Compare and contrast cellular
respiration and photosynthesis. (reasoning)

• Which process is it?
• Produces glucose
• Requires oxygen
• Creates 34-38 ATP
• Occurs in plants and animals

• Photosynthesis
• Aerobic cellular respiration
• Cellular respiration
• Cellular respiration

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Summary

• True or False?
• Most organisms depend on the sun as a source of
  energy.
• True
• Autotrophs are the only organisms that can
  convert the suns energy to usable chemical
  energy in a process called photosynthesis.
• True
• Both autotrophs and heterotrophs release the
  energy stored in foods such as glucose in a
  process called cellular respiration.
• True