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Personality

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Personality What are the perspectives on personality? Psychoanalytic Humanistic Trait Social cognitive The self Psychoanalytic perspective Sigmund Freud The mind is ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Personality


1
Personality
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What are the perspectives on personality?
  • Psychoanalytic
  • Humanistic
  • Trait
  • Social cognitive
  • The self

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Psychoanalytic perspective
  • Sigmund Freud
  • The mind is like an iceberg
  • Conscious
  • (Above the water)
  • Unconscious
  • Larger
  • (Below the water)
  • Thoughts
  • Feelings
  • Memories

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Freuds personality theory
  • Id Pleasure principle
  • Sex violence
  • Hedonistic
  • Ego Reality principle
  • Mediates between Id and Superego
  • Superego conscious
  • Pride and guilt

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Freuds personality iceberg
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How do we evaluate the unconscious?
  • Projective tests
  • Ambiguous stimuli that people project
    information onto
  • E.g. describe or tell a story
  • Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
  • Patient makes up a story based on ambiguous
    pictures
  • Rorschach Test
  • 10 inkblots - people discuss what they see in the
    inkblots
  • Designed to identify peoples inner unconscious
    feelings
  • Not successful in predicting behavior or diagnosis

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Ego defense mechanisms
  • Repression
  • Underlies all other defense mechanisms
  • Keeps repressed urges (e.g. incest) from becoming
    conscious
  • Regression
  • Retreating to an earlier, more infantile stage of
    development
  • Reaction formation
  • Doing the opposite of what you actually feel
  • Inadequate feelings become bravado
  • I hate him becomes I love him
  • Makes unacceptable impulses more acceptable

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Ego defense mechanisms (Cont.)
  • Projection
  • Projecting your unacceptable impulses to others
  • E.g. He is lying like everyone else.
  • Rationalization
  • Thinking up socially acceptable reasons for your
    negative behavior.
  • E.g. I only steal from rich people
  • Displacement
  • Diverts sexual or aggressive energies toward a
    more acceptable target.
  • E.g. Mad child kicks the pet.

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What is the Humanistic Perspective?
  • The self concept - Who am I
  • A basic focus of the Humanistic perspective
  • Maslows Self-actualization
  • People strive for self-actualization
  • To be the best you can be
  • After other needs are met for physiological,
    safety, love, and self-esteem

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Humanistic Perspective (cont.)
  • Carl Rogers - Person Centered Perspective
  • Unconditional positive regard
  • If we feel accepted, we will be more open and
    expressive.

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What is the Trait Perspective?
  • Traits Characteristic behaviors or disposition
  • Myers-Briggs type indicator
  • Describes personalities in complimentary terms
  • Extroversion or introversion
  • Thinking or feeling

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Trait Perspective (cont.)
  • MMPI Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
    Inventory
  • Most widely used personality inventory
  • Used to identify emotional disorders

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MMPI Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
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What is the Social Cognitive Perspective?
  • How does learning thinking society influence
    each other?
  • Reciprocal Determinism
  • Albert Bandura
  • Behavior, internal personal factors, and the
    environment all operate to determine each other.

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Reciprocal Determinism
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Locus of control
  • Internal locus of control
  • I personally control my destiny.
  • External locus of control
  • Outside forces which I can not control determine
    my destiny.

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What is Learned Helplessness?
  • Repeatedly faced with traumatic events over which
    people have no control, people feel helpless,
    hopeless, and depressed.

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Exploring your self concept
  • Benefits of positive self esteem
  • More persistent at tasks
  • Less likely to use drugs and conform to group
    pressure
  • Happier
  • Self serving bias
  • We like to perceive ourselves favorably
  • We contribute successes to our own effort and
    failure to factors beyond our control.

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