IMPERIALISM in ME and India

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IMPERIALISM in ME and India
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THE BRITISH TAKE INDIA

• BACKGROUND In early 1600s, the British East
  India Company built trading bases in India
• By 1756, the British used its bases to force all
  rivals out, especially the French
• By mid 1800s, Britain controls 3/5 of India
• British use a policy of divide and conquer to
  take over

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THE BRIGHTEST JEWEL IN THE BRITISH CROWN

• As Mughal power declined, British played off of
  the diversity (many languages and customs) and
  rivalries of princes to gain control, also had
  superior weapons
• 1857 Sepoy Rebellion armed Indian soldiers
  (sepoys) helped to protect British holdings,
  revolted when Brit. violated their religious
  beliefs
• Bloody revolt until British crush rebellion and
  make India a colony in 1858 taking it from the
  British East India Co. ----Brightest Jewel in
  British Crown

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SEPOY REBELLION

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EFFECTS OF BRITISH RULE IN INDIA

• POSITIVES
• New roads and RR link ports of India
• Telegraph and postal systems unite people
• Irrigation systems improve farming
• New laws bring justice to all classes
• British schools offer education
• Customs that threaten human rights ended, (sati,
  slavery, caste)

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EFFECTS CONT.

• NEGATIVES
• Indian resources go to British
• British made goods replace local goods
• Farms grew cash crops rather than food crops,
  famine results for many Indians
• Top jobs go to British
• Indians treated as inferiors
• British try to replace Indian culture with
  western ways

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RESISTANCE

• 1885 Indian National Congress formed, many upper
  class Indians had gone to school in Britain,
  learned about democracy
• Early 1900s, self-rule demanded, but Muslims and
  Hindus divided and Muslim League formed in 1906

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EUROPEAN CHALLENGES TO THE MUSLIM WORLD

• BACKGROUND
• In 1500s, 3 great Muslim empires ruled Mughals
  in India, Ottomans in Middle East, Safavids in
  Iran, all declining by 1700s
• Napoleon attacks Egypt 1798

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BY 1830S

• European powers try to gain Econ. Control in
  region
• Ottoman Empire becomes a pawn in balance of power
  struggles between European nations
• France Algeria
• Russia Turkish Straits (Dardanelles Bosporus)

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TURKISH STRAITS
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EGYPT

• 1869 Suez Canal
• completed by French
• 1875 British gain
• control of Suez Canal
• in Egypt (access to India)
• 1882 Egypt becomes
• British protectorate

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SUEZ CANAL FROM OUTER SPACE
                                                                                                
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THE ARMENIAN MASSACRES

• 1890s WWI periodic waves of violence against
  Christian Armenians by Turkish Muslims
• Muslim Turks believed that the Armenians
  supported Russia and were plotting against the
  Ottoman Empire
• When Armenians protested the oppressive Ottoman
  policies, they were massacred
• GENOCIDE over 1 million killed

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20th CENTURY

• 1900 Oil discovered in Iran, Russian, British,
  and Iranian nationalists all set out to control
  oil fields
• 1912 Italy Libya
• Post WWI Europeans gain more spheres of
  influence in region (Ottoman Empire on losing
  side)