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The Inter-War Years

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stream of consciousness (see James Joyce s Ulysses below) – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The Inter-War Years


1
The Inter-War Years
2
Major Themes of This Lecture
  1. The Age of Anxiety The Loss of Confidence in
    Continuous Human Progress and the Power of Human
    Reason
  2. The Search for Post War Stability in the 1920s
  3. The Destruction of That Stability- The Great
    Depression

3
Attempt At Another Amazing Metaphor
Technological Gadgets to Ease Life
Pre 1914 World
Shorter Work Hours
Society/ The Age of Anxiety
World War I
Reason
Progress
Stream of Consciousness- distopias
Science
Freud
Peace
Einstein
Industry
Existentialism
4
Theme 1 The Age of Anxiety
  • What was it?
  • A break in the centuries-old faith in human
    progress that had started in the Renaissance and
    continued through the Scientific Revolution ,
    Enlightenment, and Industrial Revolution
  • Perhaps human reason can solve all of our
    problems
  • Umm ok scratch that.

5
Why this loss of faith?
  • Largely because of the horrors of WWI
  • This is what science and reason brought us?
  • Evident across many fields philosophy,
    psychology, literature, physics
  • Pre World War I optimism for the future
  • Post World War I pessimism for the future
  • If modern science brought us the slaughter in
    the trenches, what will future progress bring
    us?
  • Not totally misguided think about the atom bomb

6
Philosophy
  • Nietzsche
  • Reason and human intellect are weak
  • Instead, emotion and passion are the keys to
    human strength
  • Human society glorifies the weak (blessed are
    the meek), but should instead glorify the strong
  • God is dead
  • There is no external meaning there is only the
    meaning that we give to the universe
  • Most people are too weak to discover a meaning,
    but some supermen would be able to do it
  • Thought democracy was part of the weaknessgives
    all, even the weak, a voice
  • Remember, democracy has been on the rise all
    throughout the 19th century
  • Very influential in the country of ???

7
Philosophy (cont.)
  • Schools of Philosophical Thought Inspired by
    Nietzsche and the Age of Anxiety
  • Logical empiricism
  • Philosophy is just a verbal grinding of gears
    there is no way to determine anything about the
    large questions philosophy tries to answer
  • Existentialism
  • There is no external meaning. Humans must create
    their own meaning.
  • However, humans must act. For example,
    existentialists had to decide how to respond when
    Hitler took over Europe. To fight him or not?
  • How did most react?
  • Against Hitler
  • Why is it obvious that existentialists must be
    atheists?

8
  • You Tube- Nietzsche interprets Hitler

9
Physics
  • Pre-Einstein
  • Early discoveries of radiation and quanta
  • even the atom is not stable
  • Einsteins relativity
  • All space and time are relative to the observer
    there is no absolute space or time
  • The only absolute is???
  • matter and energy are forms of each other
  • More on this later, no?!
  • After Einstein
  • Heisenberg uncertainty principle
  • If you know exactly where a particle is, you
    cannot know its speed. If you know its exact
    speed, you cannot know exactly where it is.

10
If a human were to move near the speed of light,
time would slow down for them, relative to the
observer
VS
Which is more comfortable to believe?
11
Freudian Psychology
Freudian View of the Brain
Pre-Freudian View of the Brain
Output
Output
Input
Input
Logic
12
  • Mr. Hansens Milkshakes brings all the boys to
    the yard. )

13
Part of the Freudian Brain
  • Id- Primitive Desires ? food, sex, pleasure
  • Ego rational brain? Which of the Id desires can
    I get away with without getting in trouble
  • Superego- Conscience ? Should I try to get away
    with stuff I want, even if it is wrong?

14
Literature
  • Literature
  • Reflects age of anxiety author is not
    omniscient society is confusing and characters
    are confused
  • stream of consciousness (see James Joyces
    Ulysses below)
  • "...I was a Flower of the mountain yes when I put
    the rose in my hair like the Andalusian girls
    used or shall I wear a red yes and how he kissed
    me under the Moorish wall and I thought well as
    well him as another and then I asked him with my
    eyes to ask again yes and then he asked me would
    I yes to say yes my mountain flower and first I
    put my arms around him yes and drew him down to
    me so he could feel my breasts all perfume yes
    and his heart was going like mad and yes I said
    yes I will Yes. "
  • Distopias

15
Religion
  • Christian Existentialists worked to revitalize
    religion
  • if reason is flawed, instead of saying there is
    no meaning, return to an extra-rational god.
  • Re-emphasize the non-rational aspects of
    Christianity

16
Society/ The Age of Anxiety
Revival of Christianity
17
ART
  • Realism Was Killed by the _____??? (a technology)
  • Impressionism Replaced Realism
  • Impressionists seek to give the subjective,
    emotional, personal view of something (a way to
    be realer than the camera)
  • Post-Impressionists (aka Expressionists)
  • Expressionists begin to use abstract shape to
    convey emotions
  • sometimes called les fauves (the beasts) by their
    critics, for the oddness of their images
  • Types of expressionism
  • Cubism (Picasso)
  • Dadaism (down with convention and tradition-
    nihilist)
  • Surrealism (linked to Freudian exploration of the
    dream world and unconscious mind)

18
Impressionist
19
Look At the Rest of the Art Pieces In an Attempt
to Feel the Anguish and Search For Meaning
20
Edvard Munch The Scream (1893)
Expressionism
  • Using bright colors to express a particular
    emotion.

21
Franz Marc Animal Destinies (1913)
Expressionism
22
Wassily Kandinsky On White II (1923)
Expressionism
23
Picasso ? Studio with Plaster Head 1925
Cubism
24
Georges Braque ? Still Life LeJeur 1929
Cubism
25
Dadaism
26
Salvador Dali Soft Construction with Boiled
Beans (Premonition of Civil War), 1936
Surrealism
27
Radios and Movies
  • Appealed to mass audiences, unlike highbrow art
  • Could be used for indoctrination/ propaganda

28
End of Part I
29
Hansen Name __________________AP Euro The
Age of Anxiety (Interwar Years Theme 1)
  • What Was It?
  • A break in the centuries-old faith in
    ________________ that had started in the
    Renaissance and continued through the
    _____________________ , Enlightenment, and
    Industrial Revolution
  • Perhaps human reason can ____________________
    _____________________________________
  • Umm ok ________________.
  • Why this loss of faith?
  • Largely because of ____________________________
  • This is what _____________________ brought us?
  • Evident across many fields philosophy,
    psychology, literature, physics
  • Pre World War I _________ for the future
  • Post World War I ___________ for the future
  • If modern science brought us the slaughter in
    the trenches, what will __________________________
    ____________________________?
  • Not totally misguided think about the __________
  • Philosophy
  • Nietzsche
  • Reason and human intellect ______________
  • Instead, _________________________ are the keys
    to human strength
  • Human society glorifies the weak (blessed are
    the meek), but should i_________________________
    ___________________
  • God is ___________
  • There is no _____________________ there is only
    the meaning that _______________ to the universe
  • Schools of Philosophical Thought Inspired by
    Nietzsche and the Age of Anxiety
  • Logical empiricism
  • Philosophy is just a _______________
    ____________________________ there is no way to
    determine anything about the _____________________
    ___ philosophy tries to answer
  • Existentialism
  • There is no external meaning. Humans must
    _____________________________.
  • However, humans must _____. For example,
    existentialists had to decide how to respond when
    ____________________ _________________________.
    To fight him or not?
  • How did most react?
  • _______________________
  • Why is it obvious that existentialists must be
    atheists? __________________________
  • Physics
  • Pre-Einstein
  • Early discoveries of _________________
    ________________________________
  • even _________________ is not stable
  • Einsteins ______________
  • All _______________________ are relative to the
    observer there is no ____________ space or time
  • The only absolute is___________________
  • _____________________ are forms of each other
  • More on this later, no?!
  • After Einstein

30
  • Freudian Psychology
  • Parts of the Freudian Brain
  • ______________ - Primitive Desires ? food, sex,
    pleasure
  • _________________ rational brain? Which of the
    Id desires can I get away with without getting in
    trouble
  • __________________- Conscience ? Should I try to
    get away with stuff I want, even if it is wrong?
  • Literature
  • Reflects age of anxiety author is
    _____________________ society is
    _________________and _________________ are
    confused
  • stream of _____________________
  • Dystopias
  • Religion
  • _________________________________ worked to
    revitalize religion
  • if reason is flawed, instead of saying there is
    no meaning, ________________________________
    ____________________________________.
  • Re-emphasize the _________________ aspects of
    Christianity
  • Art
  • Realism Was Killed by the ______________??? (a
    technology)
  • ___________________ Replaced Realism
  • Impressionists seek to give the subjective,
    emotional, _____________ of something (a way to
    be _________________than the camera)
  • Post-Impressionists (aka _________________________
    ___)
  • Expressionists begin to use abstract shape to
    convey _______________
  • Radio and Movies
  • Appealed to ____________________, unlike highbrow
    art
  • Could be used for ______________________________
    _____________________________________________
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