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MUTATIONS

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MUTATIONS Mutations are: Changes in the DNA code Mutations that affect your body cells can generate changes in your body things as serious as cancer, or as simple ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: MUTATIONS


1
MUTATIONS
CHANGE IN DNA
No this cant happen with just mutations
2
Mutations are
  • Changes in the DNA code
  • Mutations that affect your body cells can
    generate changes in your body things as serious
    as cancer, or as simple as moles.
  • Mutations that affect your sex cells can be
    passed on to your offspring.
  • Mutations can happen naturally, but things called
    mutagens (like UV radiation) can make it happen
    more frequently.

3
Types of Mutations
  • Chromosomal
  • Large scale addition, deletion, or change of a
    gene or many genes
  • Point
  • An addition, deletion, or substitution of one (1)
    base in a gene.

4
Types of Point Mutations
5
Missense Mutation
  • Substitution of a base that changes an amino
    acid.
  • THE CAT ATE THE RAT
  • THE CAR ATE THE RAT
  • Real life Example Tay-Sachs Disease

6
Nonsense Mutation
  • Substitution of a base that changes a codon to a
    STOP codon.
  • Examples UAC (codes for Tyr) ? UAG (a stop codon)

7
Frameshift Mutation
  • Addition or deletion of a base that causes the
    reading frame to shift.
  • Example
  • THE CAT ATE THE RAT
  • (delete the T in CAT), shift the frame
  • THE CAA TET HER AT

8
Effects of Mutations
  • Silent Mutations Substitution of a base that
    does NOT change the amino acid
  • Caused by CODE DEGENERACY the fact that most
    amino acids are coded for by more than one codon.
  • Change of function or Loss of Function Mutations
    will create a new trait.
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